Retroactive inhibition and spontaneous recovery in the A-B, D-C paradigm

Forrester, William E.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(70)80095-0

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Retroactive interference (RI) is interference from memory items, which follow the items being tested. Initially RI Js large, but it dissipates comparatively rapidly with time (Abra, 1969;Briggs, 1954;Ceraso & Henderson, 1966;Forrester, 1970;Kamman & Melton, 1967;Koppenaal, 1963;Martin & MacKay, 1970;Melton & Irwin, 1940;Postman et al, 1968;Postman, Stark, & Henschel, 1969;Shulman & Martin, 1970;Silverstein, 1967;Slamecka, 1966;Underwood, 1948aUnderwood, , 1948b. Large initial RI accounts for the lack of a primacy effect when the initial items are tested immediately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkey memory: Same/different concept learning, serial probe acquisition, and probe delay effects.

Wright¹,

Santiago²,

Sands³

1984

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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Three rhesus monkeys were trained and tested in a same/different task with six successive sets of 70 item pairs to an 88% accuracy on each set. Their poor initial transfer performance (55% correct) with novel stimuli improved dramatically to 85% correct following daily item changes in the training stimuli. They acquired a serial-probe-recognition (SPR) task with variable (1-6) item list lengths. This SPR acquisition, although gradual, was more rapid for the monkeys than for pigeons similarly trained. Testing with a fixed list length of four items at different delays between the last list item and the probe test item revealed changes in the serial-position function: a recency effect (last items remembered well) for 0-s delay, recency and primacy effects (first and last list items remembered well) for 1-, 2-, and 10-s delays, and only a primacy effect for the longest 30-s delay. These results are compared with similar ones from pigeons and are discussed in relation to theories of memory processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkey memory: Same/different concept learning, serial probe acquisition, and probe delay effects.

Wright¹,

Santiago²,

Sands³

1984

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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“…Previous studies showed that no retroactive interference is observed with this paradigm and that the learning of one list can therefore be assumed to be independent of the other (Delprato & Garskof, 1969;Forrester, 1970). Additionally, a weaker encoding of the lists was induced to vary encoding strength by decreasing the learning criterion from 90% to 60% correct responses at initial learning.…”

Section: Experiments 2: Memory Formation With Reducedmentioning

confidence: 91%

Sleep's function in the spontaneous recovery and consolidation of memories.

Drosopoulos

Schulze

Fischer

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

194

163

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Building on 2 previous studies (B. R. Ekstrand, 1967; B. R. Ekstrand, M. J. Sullivan, D. F. Parker, & J. N. West, 1971), the authors present 2 experiments that were aimed at characterizing the role of retroactive interference in sleep-associated declarative memory consolidation. Using an A-B, A-C paradigm with lists of word pairs in Experiment 1, the authors showed that sleep provides recovery from retroactive interference induced at encoding, whereas no such recovery was seen in several wake control conditions. Noninterfering word-pair lists were used in Experiment 2 (A-B, C-D). Sleeping after learning, in comparison with waking after learning, enhanced retention of both lists to a similar extent when encoding was less intense because of less list repetition and briefer word-pair presentations. With intense encoding, sleep-associated improvements were not seen for either list. In combination, the results indicate that the benefit of sleep for declarative memory consolidation is greater for weaker associations, regardless of whether weak associations result from retroactive interference or poor encoding.

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“…Retroactive interference is interference of memory performance by items that came after the item being tested. Immediately after the list is seen, RI is large, but it dissipates with time (Abra, 1969;Briggs, 1954;Ceraso & Henderson, 1966;Forrester, 1970;Kamman & Melton, 1967;Koppenaal, 1963;Martin & Mackay, 1970;Melton & Irwin, 1940;Postman, Stark, & Fraser, 1968;Postman, Stark, & Henschel, 1969;Shulman & Martin, 1970;Silverstein, 1967;Slamecka, 1966;Underwood, 1948aUnderwood, , 1948b. The large amount of RI interferes with remembering the first list items, thereby preventing any primacy effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigeon memory: Same/different concept learning, serial probe recognition acquisition, and probe delay effects on the serial-position function.

Santiago

Wright²

1984

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

124

100

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Two pigeons were trained with sets of 70 pairs of color-slide stimuli in a same/different task to perform at least 88% correct; six different sets were used in successive acquisitions. The subjects transferred same/different performance to novel stimuli with 60% accuracy following their six acquisitions; further training and daily changes in the training stimuli revealed 71% transfer to novel stimuli. Four pigeons were trained (88% criterion) in a serial-probe-recognition task with three list items, and the list length was increased with successive acquisitions to four, five, and six list items. Their serial-position functions changed for different delays between the last list item and the test item revealing a recency effect (last items remembered well) for 0-s delay, recency and primacy effects (first items remembered well) for 1- and 2-s delays, and only a primacy effect for a 10-s delay. These results are discussed in relation to human memory performance and theories of memory processing generally.

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Retroactive inhibition and spontaneous recovery in the A-B, D-C paradigm

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Monkey memory: Same/different concept learning, serial probe acquisition, and probe delay effects.

Monkey memory: Same/different concept learning, serial probe acquisition, and probe delay effects.

Sleep's function in the spontaneous recovery and consolidation of memories.

Pigeon memory: Same/different concept learning, serial probe recognition acquisition, and probe delay effects on the serial-position function.

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