Retrieving Memories via Internal Context Requires the Hippocampus

Kennedy, Pamela J.; Shapiro, Matthew L.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1388-04.2004

Cited by 133 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, there was a slight damage of the hippocampus in three quarters of the monkeys tested in Rhodes et al' study. As the hippocampus is known to be important in this type of learning based on internal context (see e.g., [82]), it is unclear whether the results reported by Rhodes et al were caused by lesions of the amygdala, the hippocampus, or both (especially given the important interactions between both structures, see section "Interactions between the amygdala and the hippocampus"). Thus, although, the amygdala seems to be associated with gastric distension, the exact role of the amygdala in fullness signals is still poorly understood [44].…”

Section: Additional Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this deficit did not extend to exteroceptive cues. Similarly, Hirsh et al [60] and Kennedy & Shapiro [82] have shown that hippocampal lesions impair the ability to use internal signals of hunger or thirst in rats. In a later experiment, Kennedy and Shapiro demonstrated that the hippocampus codes the relationship between an internal deprivation state of food/ thirst, the memory of the external environment and the selection of a behavior leading to a decrease of the deprivation state [83].…”

Section: Hippocampus and The Use Of Interoceptive Signals Of Hunger Amentioning

confidence: 90%

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The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Coppin

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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• The amygdala and hippocampus play a major role in food intake and weight regulation.• These functions are far less known to cognitive and affective scientists.• This review uniquely expands on the interactions between these two brain structures. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o The anterior medial temporal lobes are one of the most studied parts of the brain. Classically, their two main structures -the amygdalae and the hippocampi -have been linked to key cognitive and affective functions, related in particular to learning and memory. Based on abundant evidence, we will argue for an alternative but complementary point of view: they may also play a major role in food intake and body weight regulation. First, an overview is given of early clinical evidence in this line of thought. Subsequently, empirical evidence is presented on how food intake, including in the extreme case of obesity, may relate to amygdalian and hippocampal functioning. The focus is on the amygdala's role in processing the relevance of food stimuli, cue-induced feeding, and stress-induced eating and on the hippocampus' involvement in the use of interoceptive signals of hunger and satiety, as well as memory and inhibitory processes related to food intake. Additionally, an elaboration takes place on possible reciprocal links between food intake, body weight, and amygdala and hippocampus functioning. Finally, issues that seemed particularly critical for future research in the field are discussed.

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Section: Additional Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hippocampus and The Use Of Interoceptive Signals Of Hunger Amentioning

confidence: 90%

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Coppin

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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“…Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that explicitly manipulating the behavioral and mnemonic demands of the task or the problem solving strategy also lead to highly differentiated neuronal firing patterns (Yeshenko et al, 2001;Smith and Mizumori, 2006). The hippocampus has even been implicated in selecting behavioral responses on the basis of subjects' internal motivational state (Kennedy and Shapiro, 2004).…”

Section: What Constitutes a Context?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal place cells, context, and episodic memory

2006

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ABSTRACT:Although most observers agree that the hippocampus has a critical role in learning and memory, there remains considerable debate about the precise functional contribution of the hippocampus to these processes. Two of the most influential accounts hold that the primary function of the hippocampus is to generate cognitive maps and to mediate episodic memory processes. The well-documented spatial firing patterns (place fields) of hippocampal neurons in rodents, along with the spatial learning impairments observed with hippocampal damage support the cognitive mapping hypothesis. The amnesia for personally experienced events seen in humans with hippocampal damage and the data of animal models, which show severe memory deficits associated with hippocampal lesions, support the episodic memory account. Although an extensive literature supports each of these hypotheses, a specific contribution of place cells to episodic memory has not been clearly demonstrated. Recent data from our laboratory, together with previous findings, indicate that hippocampal place fields and neuronal responses to task-relevant stimuli are highly sensitive to the context, even when the contexts are defined by abstract task demands rather than the spatial geometry of the environment. On the basis of these findings, it is proposed that place fields reflect a more general context processing function of the hippocampus. Hippocampal context representations could serve to differentiate contexts and prime the relevant memories and behaviors. Since episodic memories, by definition, include information about the time and place where the episode occurred, contextual information is a necessary prerequisite for any episodic memory. Thus, place fields contribute importantly to episodic memory as part of the needed context representations. Additionally, recent findings indicate that hippocampal neurons differentiate contexts at progressively finer levels of detail, suggesting a hierarchical coding scheme which, if combined with temporal information, could provide a means of differentiating memory episodes. V V C 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…Motivational states arising from interoceptive cues provide an internal context that modulates the relative significance, meaning, or organization of events in memory (2,3). Thus, motivational states such as hunger and thirst define internal, contextual cues that can specify behavioral goals and inform memory retrieval.…”

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confidence: 99%

Motivational states activate distinct hippocampal representations to guide goal-directed behaviors

Kennedy

Shapiro²

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Adaptive behaviors are guided by motivation and memory. Motivational states specify goals, and memory can inform motivated behavior by providing detailed records of past experiences when goals were obtained. These 2 fundamental processes interact to guide animals to biologically relevant targets, but the neuronal mechanisms that integrate them remain unknown. To investigate these mechanisms, we recorded unit activity from the same population of hippocampal neurons as rats performed identical tasks while either food or water deprived. We compared the influence of motivational state (hunger and thirst), memory demand, and spatial behavior in 2 tasks: hippocampus-dependent contextual memory retrieval and hippocampus-independent random foraging. We found that: (i) hippocampal coding was most strongly influenced by motivational state during contextual memory retrieval, when motivational cues were required to select among remembered, goal-directed actions in the same places; (ii) the same neuronal populations were relatively unaffected by motivational state during random foraging, when hunger and thirst were incidental to behavior, and signals derived from deprivation states thus informed, but did not determine, hippocampal coding; and (iii) ''prospective coding'' in the contextual retrieval task was not influenced by allocentric spatial trajectory, but rather by the animal's deprivation state and the associated, nonspatial target, suggesting that hippocampal coding includes a wide range of predictive associations. The results show that beyond coding spatiotemporal context, hippocampal representations encode the relationships between internal states, the external environment, and action to provide a mechanism by which motivation and memory are coordinated to guide behavior.hippocampus ͉ memory ͉ neuronal coding E pisodic memory provides a record of past experience and is structured by spatial, temporal, and personal contexts (1), multiple frames of reference that organize the features of events and provide global categories for information storage and retrieval. Motivational states arising from interoceptive cues provide an internal context that modulates the relative significance, meaning, or organization of events in memory (2, 3). Thus, motivational states such as hunger and thirst define internal, contextual cues that can specify behavioral goals and inform memory retrieval.The hippocampus is required for episodic memory in humans (4, 5) and episodic-like memory in other animals (6). Hippocampal neurons typically fire in place fields, local regions of an environment that selectively elicit significant activity (7). Place field properties suggest that the hippocampus helps code the animal's location within spatial contexts (7-11). Place fields are modulated by the behavioral, cognitive, and mnemonic demands of spatial tasks, suggesting that hippocampal codes support memory guided spatial navigation (12-17). In non-spatial memory tasks, hippocampal activity is also modulated by salient perceptual and cognitive task ...

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Retrieving Memories via Internal Context Requires the Hippocampus

Cited by 133 publications

References 49 publications

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Hippocampal place cells, context, and episodic memory

Motivational states activate distinct hippocampal representations to guide goal-directed behaviors

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