Retrieving information from a hierarchical plan.

Schneider, Darryl W.; Logan, Gordon D.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.33.6.1076

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The stimuli were 64 words used previously by Schneider and Logan (2007), with 16 words for each category combination. All stimuli were displayed on a computer monitor in white 12-point Courier New font on a black background and viewed at a distance of about 60 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Task switching in the laboratory (for reviews, see Kiesel et al, 2010; Vandierendonck, Liefooghe, & Verbruggen, 2010) also sometimes occurs in the context of an explicit task sequence, with mounting evidence that the structure of the sequence can affect task-switching performance (Koch, Philipp, & Gade, 2006; Lien & Ruthruff, 2004; Logan, 2004, 2007; Mayr, 2009; Schneider, 2007; Schneider & Logan, 2006, 2007). More specifically, performance may be affected by sequence-level processing associated with instantiating or maintaining an explicit task sequence in working memory, not just task-level processing associated with performing task computations on stimuli.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chunking away task-switch costs: a test of the chunk-point hypothesis

Schneider

Logan

2014

Psychon Bull Rev

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Previous research has revealed that task-switch costs (worse performance for task switches than for task repetitions) at the first position of an explicit task sequence are eliminated or reduced when repeating or switching sequences. The authors hypothesize that such effects are restricted to points in the sequence representation that are associated with sequence-level processing such as chunk retrieval that changes the contents of working memory. In an experiment testing this chunk-point hypothesis, subjects memorized and performed explicit task sequences under different chunking instructions that induced chunk points at different positions within the sequences. Regardless of position, performance was slower at chunk points than at non-chunk points, providing direct evidence of chunking, and task-switch costs were reduced or eliminated at chunk points while they remained large and robust at non-chunk points. These findings support the chunk-point hypothesis and are discussed in relation to task-set inhibition and associative interference.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chunking away task-switch costs: a test of the chunk-point hypothesis

Schneider

Logan

2014

Psychon Bull Rev

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“…Procedures can be defined as (cognitive or motor) actions linked to the conditions in which they can be applied, and to the expected outcomes. Procedures form networks of associations in LTM, linking them sequentially and hierarchically to action plans (Schneider & Logan, 2007), and linking similar or equivalent procedures to each other. A subset of procedures is activated at any time; they form the activated part of procedural LTM (for evidence supporting the persistent activation of procedures in LTM see Woltz & Was, 2007).…”

Section: Procedural Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 2 Design for a Working Memory

Oberauer¹

2009

Psychology of Learning and Motivation

601

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Starting from the premise that working memory is a system for providing access to representations for complex cognition, six requirements for a working memory system are delineated: (1) maintaining structural representations by dynamic bindings, (2) manipulating structural representations, (3) flexible reconfiguration, (4) partial decoupling from long-term memory, (5) controlled retrieval from long-term memory, and (6) encoding of new structures into longterm memory. The chapter proposes an architecture for a system that meets these requirements. The working memory system consists of a declarative and a procedural part, each of which has three embedded components: the activated part of long-term memory, a component for creating new structural representations by dynamic bindings (the ''region of direct access'' for declarative working memory, and the ''bridge'' for procedural working memory), and a mechanism for selecting a single element (''focus of attention'' for declarative working memory, and ''response focus'' for procedural working memory). The architecture affords two modes of information processing, an analytical and an associative mode. This distinction provides a theoretically founded formulation of a dual-process theory of reasoning.

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“…Towards this aim, a number of influential models have proposed that complex actions have their basis in a hierarchical goal structure (Bekkering, Wohlschläger, & Gattis, 2000; Bernstein, 1996; Cooper & Shallice, 2000, 2006; Farag et al, 2010; Norman & Shallice, 1986; Schneider & Logan, 2007; Shallice & Burgess, 1996; Stanton, 2006). In such frameworks, planning complex actions requires the maintenance of temporally distant goals in accordance with a desired outcome (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociations of action means and outcome processing in left-hemisphere stroke

2013

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Previous evidence suggests that distinct fronto-parietal regions may be involved in representing action kinematics (means) and action results (outcome) during action observation. However, the evidence is contradictory with respect to the precise regions that are critical for each type of representation. Additionally unknown is the degree to which ability to detect action means and outcome during observation is related to action production performance. We used a behavioral task to evaluate the ability of healthy and left-hemisphere stroke participants to detect differences between pairs of videos that dissociated object-related action means (e.g., wiping with circular or straight movement) and/or outcome (e.g., applying or removing detergent). We expected that deficits in detecting action means would be associated with spatiomotor gesture production deficits, whereas deficits in detecting action outcome would predict impairments in complex naturalistic action. We also hypothesized a posterior to anterior gradient in the regions critical for each type of representation, disproportionately affecting means and outcome encoding, respectively. Results indicated that outcome – but not means – detection predicted naturalistic action performance in stroke participants. Regression and voxel lesion-symptom mapping analyses of lesion data revealed that means – but not outcome – coding relies on the integrity of the left inferior parietal lobe, whereas no selective critical brain region could be identified for outcome detection. Thus, means and outcome representations are dissociable at both the behavioral and neuroanatomical levels. Furthermore, the data are consistent with a degree of parallelism between action perception and production tasks. Finally, they reinforce the evidence for a critical role of the left inferior parietal lobule in the representation of action means, whereas action outcome may rely on a more distributed neural circuit.

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Retrieving information from a hierarchical plan.

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Chunking away task-switch costs: a test of the chunk-point hypothesis

Chunking away task-switch costs: a test of the chunk-point hypothesis

Chapter 2 Design for a Working Memory

Dissociations of action means and outcome processing in left-hemisphere stroke

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