Retrieval of convective available potential energy from INSAT-3D measurements: comparison with radiosonde data and their spatial–temporal variations

Krishna, U. V. Murali; Das, Subrata Kumar; Uma, K. N.; Pandithurai, G.

doi:10.5194/amt-12-777-2019

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Further, the lower near‐surface temperature limits the development of high instability, as evidenced by low CAPE values (below 300 J·kg −1 ) from June to September. Relatively lower CAPE is observed on the WG's leeside during monsoon from the INSAT‐3D measurements (Murali Krishna et al ., 2019). The cloud depth ranges from 4,000 m to 5,250 m, suggesting raindrop growth by the collision–coalescence process (Konwar et al ., 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of rain microphysics on the leeside of the Western Ghats

Krishna

Das

Kolte

et al. 2023

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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This study evaluates the performance of four impact‐type disdrometers installed at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, located on the leeside of the Western Ghats (WG). Further, seasonal variation of rain microphysical properties is studied during pre‐monsoon (March–May), monsoon (June–September), post‐monsoon (October–November), and winter (December–February). The four disdrometers exhibit comparable raindrop‐size distribution (DSD) patterns, though negligible differences are found at smaller drop diameters. The DSD shows higher concentrations of smaller (large‐size) drops during monsoon (pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon). Principal component analysis revealed three distinct modes of DSD characteristics. Monsoon DSDs are associated with a group of numerous smaller drops allied with shallow storm heights (warm rain). The pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon DSDs are clustered in a group where ice‐based processes dominate, resulting in higher median drop diameters (D0) and smaller normalized intercept parameters (Nw). The fitted gamma DSD model indicates higher mass‐weighted mean diameter (Dm) during pre‐monsoon, and higher intercept parameter during monsoon, whereas post‐monsoon and winter have intermediate values. DSD stratified with rain rate shows that the Dm values increase with an increase in rain rate during winter, monsoon and post‐monsoon, whereas in pre‐monsoon, Dm increases initially and then decreases. Higher Dm and lower Nw are observed during convective rain in all seasons. The fitted slope (λ)‐shape (μ) parameter relationships show a considerable seasonal variation. The DSD on the WG leeside is notably different from the windward slopes and other WG locations. Different microphysical and dynamical mechanisms lead to seasonal differences in DSD characteristics. In monsoon, a considerable volume of water vapour advected from the Arabian Sea promotes the formation of raindrops through collision‐coalescence processes, which may result in a higher proportion of smaller and mid‐sized raindrops. The deeper clouds during pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon indicate mixed‐phase processes, which leads to mid‐ and large‐sized raindrops.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of rain microphysics on the leeside of the Western Ghats

Krishna

Das

Kolte

et al. 2023

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…8 b). Recently, Krishna et al 54 derived convective available potential energy (CAPE) using INSAT-3D observations and showed a bimodal distribution over WG and adjoining ocean with maximum CAPE during afternoon hours. The higher moisture availability in the lower and mid-troposphere, upward motion, and unstable atmosphere in the mid-troposphere tend to develop the CSs deeper during afternoon hours.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats

Krishna

Das

Deshpande

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Diurnal variation of convective storms (CSs) during monsoon season and associated physical mechanisms are significantly important for accurate forecast of short-time and extreme precipitation. The diurnal cycle of CSs is investigated using ground-based X-band radar, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar, and reanalysis data during the summer monsoon (June–September of 2014) over complex mountain terrain of Western Ghats, India. Diurnally, CSs show a bimodal distribution in the coastal areas, but this bimodality became weak along the upslope regions and on the mountain top. The first occurrence mode of CSs is in the afternoon–evening hours, while the second peak is in the early-morning hours. The diurnal cycle’s intensity varies with location, such that it reaches maximum in the afternoon–evening hours and early morning on the mountain top and coastal areas, respectively. Two possible mechanisms are proposed for the observed diurnal variation in CSs (a) the radiative cooling effect and (b) the surface wind convergence induced by the interaction between land-sea breeze, local topography and large-scale monsoon winds. It is also observed that the CSs developed on the mountain top during afternoon–evening hours are deeper than those along the coast. The higher moisture in the lower- and mid-troposphere, higher instability and strong upward motion facilitate deeper CSs during afternoon–evening hours.

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“…This large-scale circulation pattern provides an unfavourable condition for moisture pulling from the surrounding ocean and extreme events to occur. At the same time, CAPE is higher, facilitating atmospheric instability that promotes convective activity (Veerendra Murali Krishna et al, 2019) and hence precipitation. On the other hand, the CP due to increased CAPE results in its destruction and its long-term persistent higher value causes decreased rainfall (Murugavel et al, 2012).…”

Section: Dynamical and Thermodynamical Aspects For Precipitation Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical and thermodynamical aspects of precipitation events over India

Kumari

Kumar

Dubey

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This study examines different precipitation events (PEs) for 1951-2015 using 0.25 ×0.25 India Meteorological Department data and diagnoses their associated dynamical and thermodynamical processes during the summer monsoon season over India using ERA5 reanalysis. Our results reveal a significant decreasing trend of mean precipitation, rain event days, light rain events and moderate rain events (MREs) for the overall period. However, the frequency of heavy rain events (HREs) and very heavy rain events (VhREs) has increased. Pettit's test for all PEs and mean precipitation indicates the changes nearly in the 1970s. In spite of this, the rate of change of LREs, MREs and HREs was increased by 17, 91 and 114% after the observed change point with respect to before change point, while for VhREs, this was reduced by 50%. These decreasing (increasing) trends of LREs (VhREs) are attributed to both thermodynamical and dynamical conditions. LREs are driven mainly by convective

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Retrieval of convective available potential energy from INSAT-3D measurements: comparison with radiosonde data and their spatial–temporal variations

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Characterization of rain microphysics on the leeside of the Western Ghats

Characterization of rain microphysics on the leeside of the Western Ghats

Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats

Dynamical and thermodynamical aspects of precipitation events over India

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