Retrieval-induced forgetting in Alzheimer's disease

Moulin, Chris J. A.; Perfect, Timothy J.; Conway, Martin; North, Alice; Jones, Roy; James, Niamh

doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00168-3

Cited by 63 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Consistent with the automaticity view, several studies have found intact retrieval-induced forgetting in populations thought to be deficient in executive control. Moulin, Perfect, Conway, North, Jones, and James (2002) found that older adults with and without Alzheimer's disease showed robust retrieval-induced forgetting, contrary to what these authors expected if these populations had deficits in controlled inhibition. Conway and Fthenaki (2003) found that frontal patients showed diminished directed forgetting; however, frontal patients exhibited significant, though reduced retrieval-induced forgetting.…”

Section: Controlled Versus Automatic Inhibitioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

The Role of Inhibitory Control in Forgetting Unwanted Memories: A Consideration of Three Methods

Anderson

Dynamic Cognitive Processes

113

111

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Summary. When confronted with reminders to things that we would prefer not to think about, we often attempt to put the unwanted memories out of awareness. Here, I argue that the ability to control memory is a special case of a broad class of situations thought to require executive control: response override. In such situations, one must stop a strong habitual response to a stimulus due to situational demands, a function thought to be accomplished by inhibitory processes that suppress the response, enabling more flexible, context-sensitive control over behavior. Recent behavioral studies show that inhibitory mechanisms that control overt behavior are also targeted at declarative memories to control retrieval. Recent neuroimaging findings (Anderson et al., 2004) further establish that controlling awareness of unwanted memories is associated with increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation, reduced hippocampal activation, and impaired retention of the unwanted trace and that the magnitude of activation in prefrontal cortex predicts memory suppression. These findings indicate that cognitive and neural systems that support our ability to override prepotent responses can be recruited to override declarative memory retrieval, and that this cognitive act leads to memory failure. The relation between these findings and those obtained with the directed forgetting procedure is also discussed.

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Section: Controlled Versus Automatic Inhibitioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

The Role of Inhibitory Control in Forgetting Unwanted Memories: A Consideration of Three Methods

Anderson

Dynamic Cognitive Processes

113

111

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“…Zacks et al (1996) reported evidence that older adults show impaired directed forgetting, whereas Moulin et al (2002) found robust retrieval-induced forgetting and Marsh, Dolan, Balota, and Roediger (2004) found robust part-list cuing in the elderly. Together with the present results on children's episodic recall, these findings on older adults' episodic recall indicate that retrieval-induced forgetting and part-list cuing develop early in life and remain intact for the greater part of the lifespan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistently, older adults, who have been argued to show a deficit in cognitive control (e.g., N. D. Anderson & Craik, 2000), have been found to show reduced directed forgetting (Zacks, Radvansky, & Hasher, 1996). By contrast, older adults appear to show robust retrieval-induced forgetting (Moulin et al, 2002), suggesting that directed forgetting and retrieval-induced forgetting differ in cognitive control, with a higher amount of control involved in directed forgetting than in retrievalinduced forgetting.…”

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confidence: 87%

Intact retrieval inhibition in children’s episodic recall

Zellner

Bäuml

2005

Memory & Cognition

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Young children are assumed to be inefficient inhibitors in a number of cognitive tasks. In two experiments, we examined whether such deficits extend to children's episodic recall. We used two inhibition paradigms: retrieval-induced forgetting, the detrimental effect of retrieval practice with a subset of learned items on recall of the unpracticed items, and part-list cuing, the detrimental effect of the presentation of a subset of learned items on recall of the remaining items. In both experiments, the inhibitory effects were compared across three age groups: first or second graders, fourth graders, and young adults. The two children groups showed the same amounts of retrieval-induced forgetting and part-list cuing as the adult group, pointing to intact retrieval inhibition in young children's episodic recall. These results parallel very recent results on older adults' episodic recall, suggesting that both retrieval-induced forgetting and part-list cuing develop early in life and remain intact for the greater part of the lifespan.

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“…These authors report a series of experiments that suggest a dissociation between the mnemonic bases of metamemory control and metamemory monitoring during the encoding phase of a memory task (Moulin et al, 2000a(Moulin et al, , b, 2001(Moulin et al, , 2002a. Their work suggests that for Alzheimer patients a dissociation is revealed between monitoring and control processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Effects of an Amnesic Drug: Effect of Lorazepam on Study Time Allocation and on Judgment of Learning

Izaute

Bacon

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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We investigated the effects of lorazepam, a benzodiazepine, on the allocation of study time, memory, and judgment of learning, in a cognitive task where the repetition of word presentation was manipulated. The aim was to assess whether lorazepam would affect the learning processes and/or whether the participants would be aware of the amnesic difficulty. A total of 30 healthy volunteers participated in the study, 15 of whom received a capsule containing the lorazepam drug (0.038 mg/kg) and 15 a placebo capsule. First, the accuracy of delayed judgments of learning (JOL) was measured in both groups. For the JOL ratings, results showed that all the participants benefited from word repetition. Although the overall performance was lower in the lorazepam than in the placebo group, the accuracy of the JOL ratings was preserved by the drug. Second, all the participants benefited from the repetition of learning, although the performances of the lorazepam-treated subjects remained lower than those of the placebo participants. The repetition of learning had an effect on JOL in both groups. Finally, the time spent learning each (allocation study time) pair of words was measured. For the placebo group, results revealed that study time decreased significantly with the frequency of presentation. For the lorazepam group, no effect of presentation frequency was found. Overall, our findings suggest that the lorazepam drug has a differential effect on the monitoring and the control processes involved in a learning task. The implications of these findings are discussed within the theoretical framework of metacognition.

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Retrieval-induced forgetting in Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 63 publications

References 33 publications

The Role of Inhibitory Control in Forgetting Unwanted Memories: A Consideration of Three Methods

The Role of Inhibitory Control in Forgetting Unwanted Memories: A Consideration of Three Methods

Intact retrieval inhibition in children’s episodic recall

Specific Effects of an Amnesic Drug: Effect of Lorazepam on Study Time Allocation and on Judgment of Learning

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