Retreat to refugia: Severe habitat contraction projected for endemic alpine plants of the Olympic Peninsula

Wershow, Samuel T.; DeChaine, Eric G.

doi:10.1002/ajb2.1042

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(181 reference statements)

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“…Here, we have taken the first steps to forecast the combined direct and indirect effects of climate change on non‐woody vegetation, focusing instead on a high‐elevation herbaceous species. Our results contribute to the growing body of evidence that many high‐elevation plant species will likely lose the majority of their range by the middle to the end of the century (Dirnböck et al., ; Dullinger et al., ; Forester et al., ; Wershow & DeChaine, ) due to the direct effects of climate change alone, and builds on this body of literature by incorporating the compounding indirect effects of altered fire regimes. While the response of S. austromontana may be representative of other taxa, future studies should investigate multiple alpine species to gain a community level understanding of the direct and indirect effects of climate change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Many mountain ranges are rich biodiversity hotspots harbouring endemic species restricted to a single range, or even a single peak (Körner, ; Dirnböck et al., ; Jackson et al., ). As the climate warms, cold‐adapted alpine species must migrate upslope, but such migration is constrained by the elevation and substrate of the summit resulting in diminishing and fragmented populations, and possibly local extinctions (Forester et al., ; Jackson et al., ; Wershow & DeChaine, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The compounding consequences of wildfire and climate change for a high‐elevation wildflower (Saxifraga austromontana)

Bloom

Flower

Medler

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim: High-elevation plants are disproportionally affected by climate change. As temperatures rise, the amount of available alpine habitat in the Rocky Mountains will decrease resulting in potential local extinctions of plant species. In addition to the direct effects of climate-driven habitat loss, alpine plants must also respond to indirect effects, such as changes in disturbance regimes. One notable shift is the increase of wildfire frequency in regions where fire was previously rare or absent, including the alpine. We hypothesized that direct climatic changes compounded with increased wildfire frequency will reduce the future suitable habitat of high-elevation plants more than if climate was considered alone.Location: Rocky Mountain Floristic Region, western North America.Taxon: Saxifraga austromontana (Saxifragaceae), a wildflower endemic to high elevations of the Rocky Mountain Floristic Region. Methods:Our approach integrated historical herbarium records, field surveys, remote sensing, species distribution models, historic wildfire data, and predictive models. Results:Our results indicate wildfire has significantly reduced the abundance and increased the likelihood of extirpation for S. austromontana. Increased fire frequency compounded with direct climatic changes will likely reduce the range of the species by approximately 43% by 2050 compared to 38% due to climate alone, under a moderate CO 2 emissions scenario. The influence of wildfire varies regionally. For instance, the Middle Rockies will likely lose 74% of its suitable habitat of which 16% may be lost due to fire, while other regions, such as the northern range, will be less negatively affected by direct and indirect effects. Main Conclusions: Our evidence that increased wildfire frequency will compound the impacts of climate change on alpine taxa in North America led to the development of a new, general hypothesis on the fundamental interaction between direct and indirect effects of climate change on species range reductions. K E Y W O R D S alpine, climate change, Rocky Mountain Floristic Region, Saxifraga austromontana, species distribution model, wildfire

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The compounding consequences of wildfire and climate change for a high‐elevation wildflower (Saxifraga austromontana)

Bloom

Flower

Medler

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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“…关 (Cardinale et al, 2012)。然而, 当前生物多样性正经历快速丧失, 对其进行合理的管理和保护是21世纪的迫切需求 (Brubaker et al, 1995;Ceballos et al, 2015)。制定管理和保护措施首先需要对生物多样性进行评估。生物多样性包括物种多样性、反映演化历史的系统发育多样性和反映生态系统功能的功能多样性等不同维度 (Brum et al, 2017;Nakamura et al, 2020)。近年来, 生态学者意识到传统意义上的物种多样性将所有物种等同 (Magurran, 2003), 显然忽视了物种在演化历史和生态功能上的差异 (Mouchet et al, 2010), 因此, 系统发育和功能多样性受到了极大关注 (Cavender-Bares et al, 2009;Funk et al, 2017;Nakamura et al, 2020)。从不同维度评价生物多样性不但有助于理解群落构建过程 (Webb et al, 2002;Mouchet et al, 2010)和生物多样性格局形成机制 (Pavoine & Bonsall, 2011), 而且有助于针对不同地区制定相应的保护措施 (Brum et al, 2017) (Rahbek et al, 2019), 也是生物多样性研究和保护的关键区域 (Mittermeier et al, 2011)。高山生态系统 (alpine ecosystem; Körner, 2008)普遍存在于所有大陆和纬度, 通常具有较高的特有种比例 (张瑞等, 2013), 对气候变化和干扰极为敏感 (刘洋等, 2009), 而且有助于促进物种分化 (Knowles, 2001;He & Jiang, 2014)。据统计, 高山占据了全球陆地(除南极洲外)总面积的2.64% (约3.56百万km 2 ) (Testolin et al, 2020)。树线是高山生态系统的天然分界线 (Körner et al, 2017)。然而, 近年来研究者观察到气候变化情景下树线发生了广泛上移现象 (Baker & Moseley, 2007;Gottfried et al, 2012;Sigdel et al, 2020), 这可能会对高山生态系统造成很大影响 (Wershow & Dechaine, 2018;Lyons & Kozak, 2020)。因此, 高山生态系统和树线近年来受到了极大关注。中国西南的横断山区是全球生物多样性热点地区之一 (Mittermeier et al, 2011) (Pan et al, 2007) and "China's mammal diversity (2nd edition)" (Jiang et al, 2017). Newer literature was adopted if not congruent.…”

Section: 生物多样性与人类的生存、生活和生产息息相unclassified

Multi-dimensional evaluation of small mammal diversity in tree line habitats across the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas: Implications for conservation

Song¹,

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Biodiversity Science

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Aim: To evaluate multi-dimensional biodiversity levels of small mammals in tree line habitats across the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas (TPR), and discuss their implication for conservational strategies. Methods: Between September 2013 and November 2018, we conducted standardized field investigations along tree line across the TPR to collect small mammals. We sequenced CYTB gene and obtained morphological measurements from field samples to calculate frequently used taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity metrics.

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“…Studies on population dynamics are important to unveil species' responses to the environment (Pan et al 2013) and their susceptibility to environmental changes (Wershow and DeChaine 2018), which are crucial to the elaboration of conservation and management plans (Morris and Doak 2002). At the regional scale, climate strongly influences the population dynamics of plants (Levine et al 2008;Olsen et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…generalists), whereas species with restrict distribution and low abundance tend to show narrower limits (i.e. specialists; Futuyma and Moreno 1988;Kruckeberg and Rabinowitz 1985;Wershow and DeChaine 2018). Hence, generalists should be less sensitive than specialists to environmental differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local spatial variation in the population dynamics of two tree species in a region of Atlantic Rainforest, SE Brazil

2019

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The population dynamics of species with distinct geographic distribution ranges and local abundances can be differently influenced by environmental differences at both the regional and local scales. Here, we test for local spatial variation in the dynamics of different populations of two tree species with these distinct characteristics. We took advantage of one population census and carried out a new census of two populations of Faramea picinguabae M.Gomes (Rubiaceae) and Mollinedia schottiana (Spreng.) Perkins (Monimiaceae) at two non-contiguous, permanent 1-ha plots (B and E) located at a region of Atlantic Rainforest, SE Brazil. The plots differed in declivity and soil coverage by rocky boulders. The annual population growth rate (λ) differed only for F. picinguabae (λ B = 1.009, λ E = 0.959), which presents restricted geographic distribution range and low local abundance in relation to M. schottiana (λ B = 0.982, λ E = 0.987). The decline in three out of four populations may result from a severe drought in SE Brazil in the last decade. The increase in F. picinguabae at plot B is likely a response to the lower soil coverage by rocky boulders at this plot. Even though we evaluated only two populations of two species, our conclusions open a new venue for the investigation of population dynamics. Within the same forest, some species might show spatial variation in population dynamics mediated by environmental differences at the local scale, while others might not. In the long term, differences among species are likely to result in important changes in community structure and dynamics, as well as in ecosystem functions.

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Retreat to refugia: Severe habitat contraction projected for endemic alpine plants of the Olympic Peninsula

Cited by 16 publications

References 123 publications

The compounding consequences of wildfire and climate change for a high‐elevation wildflower (Saxifraga austromontana)

The compounding consequences of wildfire and climate change for a high‐elevation wildflower (Saxifraga austromontana)

Multi-dimensional evaluation of small mammal diversity in tree line habitats across the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas: Implications for conservation

Local spatial variation in the population dynamics of two tree species in a region of Atlantic Rainforest, SE Brazil

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