Retraction: ZnO nanoparticles affect intestinal function in an in vitro model

Abstract

Retraction of 'ZnO nanoparticles affect intestinal function in an in vitro model' by Fabiola Moreno-Olivas et al., Food Funct., 2018, 9, 1475-1491.

Excess Dietary Zinc Intake in Neonatal Mice Causes Oxidative Stress and Alters Intestinal Host–Microbe Interactions

“…Studies using the intestinal Caco‐2 cell model show that exposure to excess Zn causes oxidative stress and increases permeability . Consistent with these findings, our studies indicate that Zn accumulation in the intestine in vivo was also associated with oxidative stress, as a significantly greater number of 8OHdG + cells (approximately sixfold greater than in unsupplemented mice) were detected in the small intestine ( Figure ).…”

“…Oxidative stress in the intestine can be associated with increased permeability . Therefore, we assessed expression and localization of key tight junction proteins in the ileum using both immunofluorescent imaging and immunoblotting.…”

“…Oxidative stress in the intestine can be associated with increased permeability. [10,11,45] Therefore, we assessed expression and localization of key tight junction proteins in the ileum using both immunofluorescent imaging and immunoblotting. No effect on the protein abundance of claudin-3, occludin, or ZO-1 was detected (Figure 6A), consistent with reports in Caco-2 cells.…”

“…Studies in vitro show that excess Zn activates inflammation in endothelial cells, macrophages, and astrocytes, [8] alters gene expression in THP-1 cells, [9] and compromises the function of intestinal Caco-2 cells. [10,11] Moreover, excess Zn exposure in preclinical animal models decreases immune function, [12] alters intestinal absorptive and secretory capacity, [13] and shifts the microbiome in piglets, [14] activates inflammation and causes dyslipidemia in rats, [15] and impairs glucose metabolism and increases visceral adiposity, [16] and results in hippocampal Zn deficiency and memory impairment in mice. [17] To our knowledge, no studies have explored effects of excess Zn exposure in healthy neonates in a comprehensive manner.…”

“…Zinc supplementation is generally presumed to be safe, because unlike other trace elements such as iron, copper, and manganese, it is not redox active; however, recent studies provide evidence that excess Zn exposure can have deleterious consequences. Studies in vitro show that excess Zn activates inflammation in endothelial cells, macrophages, and astrocytes, alters gene expression in THP‐1 cells, and compromises the function of intestinal Caco‐2 cells . Moreover, excess Zn exposure in preclinical animal models decreases immune function, alters intestinal absorptive and secretory capacity, and shifts the microbiome in piglets, activates inflammation and causes dyslipidemia in rats, and impairs glucose metabolism and increases visceral adiposity, and results in hippocampal Zn deficiency and memory impairment in mice .…”