Retraction: The Effect of Raw and Processed Common Vetch Seed (<i>Vicia sativa</i>) Added to Diets of Laying Hens on Performance, Egg Quality, Blood Parameters and Liver Histopathology

Abstract

Abbreviation Key: C＝control diet not containing common vetch seed, CV＝common vetch seed. This study was carried out to determine the effects of raw and physical processed common vetch seed added to diets of laying hens on the laying performance, egg quality traits, blood parameters and liver histopathology. Lohman layers, 46 wk of age as 6 replicate cages each containing 4 hens, were allocated randomly to one of four dietary treatments. Treatment groups were fed diets containing a standard commercial layer diet (Control), basal diet plus 25% raw common vetch seed (CV), 25% autoclaved (at 120℃ for 30 minutes) common vetch seed (ACV) and 25% roasted (at 130℃ for 30 minutes) common vetch seed (RCV) for 12 weeks. Considering the findings of performance traits, differences among the groups were found significant (P＜0,05); however the effects of treatments were not significant on egg quality and blood parameters. The diets containing raw and different physical processed vetchs reduced feed consumption and egg production.CV compared to the control caused lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, severe congestion of hepatic blood vessels, inflammation, the increased numbers of Kupffer cells and sinusoidal dilatations. Findings from present study pointed out the risk of increased hepatic damage due to use of raw vetch seed. It is also remarkable that increasing treatments of vetch seed lead to decrease of liver damages.The results of this experiment indicated that inclusion of CV and ACV in diet affected adversely performance parameters and hepatic damage in laying hens. Alleviation was observed on laying hens fed on diet including 25% RCV.As a conclusion, it has been determined that 25% RCV is more appropriate to use in diets of laying hens than 25% CV and ACV.

Potential value of the common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as an animal feedstuff: a review

“…In a further study, the same authors reported that the DFC intake and egg quality of laying hens fed 250 g/kg autoclaved or raw common vetch seeds were similar to those of hens fed a roasted common vetch diet, but the hens exhibited reduced EP. These authors also observed that DFC intake, EP and EW were all reduced in the common vetch treatment groups compared with hens fed a standard commercial layer (control) diet (Kaya et al., ). Conversely, egg quality parameters such as shape index, shell strength, shell thickness, shell weight, yolk colour, yolk index, albumen index and Haugh unit did not differ across treatment groups (Kaya et al., ).…”

“…These authors also observed that DFC intake, EP and EW were all reduced in the common vetch treatment groups compared with hens fed a standard commercial layer (control) diet (Kaya et al., ). Conversely, egg quality parameters such as shape index, shell strength, shell thickness, shell weight, yolk colour, yolk index, albumen index and Haugh unit did not differ across treatment groups (Kaya et al., ).…”

“…Kaya et al. () reported a similar effect on the egg quality of laying hens when common vetch seeds were added to the diet at levels of 250 g/kg, but a negative effect on DFC and EP, compared with a standard commercial layer (control) diet. Similarly, Farran et al.…”

“…Although the species originated from the arid regions of the Middle East (Ford et al., ), it is now widely cultivated in many areas of the world (Francis et al., ) because it offers a low cost, rich source of protein and minerals (Akpinar et al., ; Mao et al., ). As a crop plant, V. sativa plays an important role both as a feed for livestock (Kaya et al., ) and in the human diet (Enneking, ; Akpinar et al., ), especially in times of food scarcity (Enneking, ) and in the diet of destitute vegetarians (Uzun et al., ). Globally, the production area of the common vetch and other vetches is approximately 573 769 ha, equating to a crop production yield of 926 982 tonnes/year and an average annual yield of 1616 kg/ha (FAO, ).…”

Common Vetch: a drought tolerant, high protein neglected leguminous crop with potential as a sustainable food source

“…The seed soaking method alone was insufficient to lower 119 GBCA levels as consumption of soaked seed during feeding trials by chickens reduced egg production, 120 daily food consumption and feed conversion ratios were also diminished (Farran et al, 1995). In 121 contrast, boiling the seed produced lower toxin levels such that it could be included in chicken feed at 122 levels of up to 25% without negative effects on growth rates (Kaya et al, 2013). However, consumption 123 This is a provisional file, not the final typeset article of boiled vetch seed that had the broth periodically discarded during boiling resulted in 20% reduced 124 growth rates in chickens when compared with conventional feed with similar protein amounts (Ressler 125 et al, 1997).…”