RETRACTED: Validation of the Persian Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus (TGI-SR+) to Assess Prolonged Grief Severity

Abstract

The Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus (TGI-SR+) is a self-report measure to assess Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) in terms of ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. Till now this measure has shown to yield good psychometric properties in Dutch and French speaking bereaved people. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian TGI-SR+. 461 individuals (280 women) fully completed the scales. The participants were recruited using convenience sampling. The Confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity, and reliability of the Persian version of the TGI-SR+ were evaluated. Confirmatory factor analysis results of a two-dimensional model support the construct validity of this version of the TGI-SR+, while concurrent validity was shown with significant correlations between the TGI-SR+ and measures of depression, anxiety, and ptsd. These results indicate satisfactory psychometric properties of the instrument, thus supporting the use of the TGI-SR + as a valid measure of PGD in bereaved Iranian adults.

Prevalence and correlates of ICD-11-based Prolonged Grief Disorder in a Representative Slovakian Sample of Recently Bereaved Adults

“…Our second main finding was that, in the whole sample as well as the recently (<6 months) and more remotely bereaved (≥6 months) subsamples considered separately, PGD symptoms formed a unitary factor. This is consistent with prior research showing that PGD symptoms as defined in ICD-11 are best described as forming one dimension (Ashouri & Yousefi, 2023;Boelen & Lenferink, 2020;Kokou-Kpolou et al, 2022;Lenferink et al, 2022Lenferink et al, , 2024. Notably, some other studies have found these symptoms to represent two distinguishable dimensions of separation distress and accompanying symptoms (e.g., Hyland et al, 2024;O'Conner et al, 2023); however, in most of the studies examining the dimensionality, both the one-and two-dimensional models evidenced acceptable fit.…”

“…Increased knowledge about these issues could inform bereavement research and help to shape health care policies to improve bereavement care (cf. Ashouri & Yousefi, 2023;Hyland et al, 2024;Killikelly et al, 2020;Shevlin et al, 2023). The current study examined prevalence rates of ICD-11based PGD associated with a loss within the previous year, in a representative sample of the adult Slovakian population.…”

“…The internal consistency of these items was ωtotal = .96. In keeping with prior research (e.g., Ashouri & Yousefi, 2023;Kokou-Kpolou et al, 2022;Lenferink et al, 2024), the cultural deviation item was not included.…”

“…For exploratory reasons, we also counted PGD caseness when increasing the number of required accompanying symptoms from 2+ through 7+ symptoms. 5 For the second aim, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the one-factor model, as well as a competing two-factor model (e.g., Ashouri & Yousefi, 2023), was carried out 6 . In the one-factor model, the two separation distress symptoms and 10 accompanying symptoms (Table 2) loaded on one factor; in the two-factor model, the two separation distress symptoms and 10 accompanying symptoms loaded on two factors.…”