RETRACTED: Utilizing of (Zinc Oxide Nano-Spray) for Disinfection against “SARS-CoV-2” and Testing Its Biological Effectiveness on Some Biochemical Parameters during (COVID-19 Pandemic)—“ZnO Nanoparticles Have Antiviral Activity against (SARS-CoV-2)”

El‐Megharbel, Samy M.; Alsawat, Mohammed; Al-Salmi, Fawziah A.; Hamza, Reham Z.

doi:10.3390/coatings11040388

Cited by 88 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Some studies suggest the use of antioxidants and antioxidant-rich foods for the management of oxidative damage [32] and also for the beneficial effects of antioxidants as antidotes for any toxicity [33,34]. Interestingly, Quercetin could markedly renew the activities of glutathione in all tissues, SOD level, and other enzymes in other tissues of D-galactose-treated male mice as well as significantly enhance the antioxidant capacity of the body, and this is parallel to the present finding as these enzymes were significantly declined in the D-galactose treated group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Neurological Alterations and Testicular Damages in Aging Induced by D-Galactose and Neuro and Testicular Protective Effects of Combinations of Chitosan Nanoparticles, Resveratrol and Quercetin in Male Mice

2021

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Aging is a neurological disease that is afforded by incidence of oxidative stress. Chitosan has received global interests due to its wide medical uses. Quercetin (Q) is a bioflavonoid and widely distributed in vegetables and fruits. Resveratrol is considered as a potent antioxidant and is a component of a wide range of foods. The using of either chitosan nanopartciles (CH-NPs), querectin (Q), and resveratrol (RV) to reduce the oxidative stress and biochemical alterations on brain and testicular tissues induced by D-galactose (DG) (100 mg/Kg) were the aim of the present study. This study investigated the probable protective effects of CH-NPs in two doses (140,280 mg/Kg), Q (20 mg/Kg) and RV (20 mg/Kg), against DG induced aging and neurological alterations. Brain antioxidant capacity as malonaldehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GRx), as well as histopathological damages of the brain and testicular tissues were measured. The DG treated group had significantly elevated the oxidative stress markers by 96% and 91.4% in brain and testicular tissues respectively and lower significantly the antioxidant enzyme activities of both brain and testicular tissues than those of the control group by 86.95%, 69.27%, 83.07%, and 69.43%. Groups of DG that treated with a combination of CH-NPs in two doses, Q and RV, the levels of oxidative stress marker declined significantly by 68.70%, 76.64% in brain tissues and by 74.07% and 76.61% in testicular tissues, and the enzymatic antioxidants increased significantly by 75.55%, 79.24%, 62.32%, and 61.97% as compared to the DG group. The present results indicate that CH-NPs, Q, and RV have protective effects against DG-induced brain and testis tissue damage at the biochemical and histopathological levels. Mechanisms of this protective effect of used compounds against neurological and testicular toxicity may be due to the enhanced brain and testis antioxidant capacities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Neurological Alterations and Testicular Damages in Aging Induced by D-Galactose and Neuro and Testicular Protective Effects of Combinations of Chitosan Nanoparticles, Resveratrol and Quercetin in Male Mice

2021

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“…Journal of Nanomaterials easily impede the development of these strains, the inhibition of such strains did not take particle size into consideration [24]. Figure 6 illustrates the antimicrobial activities of ZnO NPs prepared by chemical precipitation methods of S1, S2, and S3 samples of zinc salt precursors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green versus Chemical Precipitation Methods of Preparing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties

Bekele¹,

Degefa²,

Tesgera³

et al. 2021

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Comparison of green and chemical precipitation method syntheses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was performed, and antimicrobial properties were investigated. Avocado, mango, and papaya fruit extracts were carried out for the green synthesising methods, while the chemical precipitation method was chosen from chemical synthesis methods. Zinc nitrate was used as a salt precursor, whereas leaf extract was served as a reducing agent for green synthesising methods. In addition, sodium hydroxide, polyvinyl alcohol, and potassium hydroxide were used as reducing agents in the case of chemical precipitation synthesis methods. ZnO NPs were characterised by characterizing techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activities of prepared nanoparticles were evaluated on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). The particle sizes of the prepared samples which were evaluated by the Scherrer equation were in the range of 11-21 nm for green synthesis, while 30-40 nm for chemical precipitation synthesis methods. Small agglomerations were observed from SEM results of prepared ZnO NPs from both methods. Prepared ZnO NPs were showed strong antimicrobial properties. From the result, the inhibition zone was in the range of 15-24 mm for the green route and 7–15 mm for chemical precipitation methods, where the standard drugs have 25 mm of the zone of inhibition. A green synthesised method of preparing ZnO NPs gives promising antimicrobial properties compared to chemical synthesis and is also eco-friendly and safe compared to the chemical synthesis.

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“…Herein, we also employed ZnO NPs as a nano-therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of compound M3 against SARS-CoV-2 infection. ZnO NPs were selected due to their antiviral activity, ability to enhance drug solubility and bioavailability, cost-effective, biocompatibility with human cells and being approved by FDA as a pharmaceutical excipient [49][50][51][52]. The well-characterized and commercially available ZnO NPs were used in this study with claimed particle sizes of 10-30 nm and a spherical shape.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iterated Virtual Screening-Assisted Antiviral and Enzyme Inhibition Assays Reveal the Discovery of Novel Promising Anti-SARS-CoV-2 with Dual Activity

Hamdy

Fayed

Mostafa

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Unfortunately, COVID-19 is still a threat to humankind and has a dramatic impact on human health, social life, the world economy, and food security. With the limited number of suggested therapies under clinical trials, the discovery of novel therapeutic agents is essential. Here, a previously identified anti-SARS-CoV-2 compound named Compound 13 (1,2,5-Oxadiazole-3-carboximidic acid, 4,4’-(methylenediimino) bis,bis[[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide) was subjected to an iterated virtual screening against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro using a combination of Ligand Designer and PathFinder. PathFinder, a computational reaction enumeration tool, was used for the rapid generation of enumerated structures via default reaction library. Ligand designer was employed for the computerized lead optimization and selection of the best structural modification that resulted in a favorable ligand–protein complex. The obtained compounds that showed the best binding to Mpro were re-screened against TMPRSS2, leading to the identification of 20 shared compounds. The compounds were further visually inspected, which resulted in the identification of five shared compounds M1–5 with dual binding affinity. In vitro evaluation and enzyme inhibition assay indicated that M3, an analogue of Compound 13 afforded by replacing the phenolic moiety with pyridinyl, possesses an improved antiviral activity and safety. M3 displayed in vitro antiviral activity with IC50 0.016 µM and Mpro inhibition activity with IC50 0.013 µM, 7-fold more potent than the parent Compound 13 and potent than the antivirals drugs that are currently under clinical trials. Moreover, M3 showed potent activity against human TMPRSS2 and furin enzymes with IC50 0.05, and 0.08 µM, respectively. Molecular docking, WaterMap analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, and R-group analysis confirmed the superiority of the binding fit to M3 with the target enzymes. WaterMap analysis calculated the thermodynamic properties of the hydration site in the binding pocket that significantly affects the biological activity. Loading M3 on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) increased the antiviral activity of the compound 1.5-fold, while maintaining a higher safety profile. In conclusion, lead optimized discovery following an iterated virtual screening in association with molecular docking and biological evaluation revealed a novel compound named M3 with promising dual activity against SARS-CoV-2. The compound deserves further investigation for potential clinical-based studies.

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RETRACTED: Utilizing of (Zinc Oxide Nano-Spray) for Disinfection against “SARS-CoV-2” and Testing Its Biological Effectiveness on Some Biochemical Parameters during (COVID-19 Pandemic)—“ZnO Nanoparticles Have Antiviral Activity against (SARS-CoV-2)”

Cited by 88 publications

References 40 publications

RETRACTED: Neurological Alterations and Testicular Damages in Aging Induced by D-Galactose and Neuro and Testicular Protective Effects of Combinations of Chitosan Nanoparticles, Resveratrol and Quercetin in Male Mice

RETRACTED: Neurological Alterations and Testicular Damages in Aging Induced by D-Galactose and Neuro and Testicular Protective Effects of Combinations of Chitosan Nanoparticles, Resveratrol and Quercetin in Male Mice

Green versus Chemical Precipitation Methods of Preparing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties

Iterated Virtual Screening-Assisted Antiviral and Enzyme Inhibition Assays Reveal the Discovery of Novel Promising Anti-SARS-CoV-2 with Dual Activity

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