RETRACTED: The evolution of structure properties of vegetation concrete under freeze–thaw cycles

Abstract

Vegetation concrete is a typical artificial composite soil commonly used for ecological restoration on slopes. The strength and stability of vegetation concrete would be reduced when it is used in areas where freeze–thaw cycles occur frequently. For exploring the changes of structural properties of vegetation concrete under freeze–thaw cycles, an indoor simulation experiment of vegetation concrete samples containing 25 and 30% water content was carried out, so as to test the changes of specimen surface, volume, ultrasonic wave velocity, shearing strength, and microscopic structure. The microstructural parameters were analyzed quantitatively with Image-Pro Plus software. The experimental results indicated that as cycles of freeze–thaw grow, the macroscopic changes of samples included steadily rising surface crack rate, increasing first and then decreasing volume, greatly reducing ultrasonic wave velocity and gradually decreasing shear strength. The inner structure of samples slowly deteriorated from overall dense to dispersed with decreasing cement hydration crystals, pores resulting from dispersion and destruction of bulky grains, higher surface porosity, and smoother particles in microscopic aspect. When compared with samples containing 25% water content, the microstructure of the 30% water content sample was more affected by the freeze–thaw cycle, and its structural weakening effect was more obvious. Reduced cement hydration crystals, lower inter-particle bonding force, and increase in the number of large pores were the main causes of degradation of vegetation concrete structure. Electrical engineering students can refer to the analysis methods in this paper to evaluate the structural performance of any electrical engineering material.

Prospects of porous concrete as a plant-growing medium and structural component for green roofs: a review

“…This strength can be improved, up to 46.2 MPa, by using a superplasticizer in the concrete paste (Lian and Zhuge, 2010). For durability, PC containing 25 and 30% water can tolerate 12 freeze–thaw cycles (Gao et al ., 2020). Therefore, PC's potential as an outdoor growing substrate is expected for 12 consecutive years, even in cold climates.…”