[Retracted] Solanum tuberosum Leaf Extract Templated Synthesis of Co3O4 Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Sensor and Antibacterial Applications

Abstract

Green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is a viable alternative methodology because of cost-effective and availability of environmentally friendly templates for desired application, which has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. In the present study, Co3O4 NPs were synthesized in various volume ratios in the presence of Solanum tuberosum leaf extract as a template. The synthesized Co3O4 NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), surface area electron diffraction (SAED), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. XRD analysis found that the average crystalline sizes for the 1 : 2, 1 : 1, and 2 : 1 volume ratios was 25.83, 21.05, and 27.98 nm, respectively. SEM-EDX and TEM analyses suggest that the green-synthesized Co3O4 NPs are spherical in shape without the presence of impurities. The band gap E g values of the 1 : 2, 1 : 1, and 2 : 1 volume ratios of Co3O4 NPs were found to be 1.83, 1.77, and 2.19 eV, respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of various bioactive ingredients within the leaf extract of Solanum tuberosum. Co3O4 NPs-modified electrodes showed better sensing capability towards ascorbic acid and citric acid due to enhanced electron transfer kinetics. Among three volume ratios (1 : 2, 1 : 1, and 2 : 1) of Co3O4 nanoelectrodes, 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 were identified as the best performing nanoelectrodes. This is possibly due to the high catalytic behavior and the more homogenized surface structure. Co3O4 (1 : 2) nanodrug showed the enhanced antibacterial activity (16 mm) towards S. aureus which is attributed to the formation of enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS).

[Retracted] Fungal‐ and Algal‐Derived Synthesis of Various Nanoparticles and Their Applications

“…Metal-based NPs are the main focus of this method including metal oxide, alloys, and inert metals; this is possible due to the presence of a wide variety of plant metabolites that help in their creation. These metabolites act as reducing agents and capping agents [ 14 , 41 ].…”

“…In addition to this, photon correlation spectroscopy and gaseous Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) are adopted, providing faster precise measures than other methods. To measure samples in solid and liquid phases laser diffraction method is also quite popular in use [ 12 , 14 ].…”

Probing the effect of metal to ligand charge transfer on the oxygen evolution reaction in Au incorporated Co(OH)2 thin film electrocatalysts

“…3c). Here, the lattice spacing is 3.12 Å indicating the formation of Co 3 O 4 and the presence of the (220) plane 44 while lattice fringe spacings for Au are measured at 2.32 Å consistent with the (111) plane. 45 The structure of the cobalt oxide around the Au spots is amorphous in the Co(OH) 2 –Au film compared to the structure in the Au free zones in the same film, where crystalline regions are observed more easily.…”

“…This is consistent with the Co 3 O 4 (220) crystalline plane. 44 Elsewhere, sheet structures are observed (Fig. 3b) where the lattice spacing is 2.2 Å.…”

Retracted: Solanum tuberosum Leaf Extract Templated Synthesis of Co3O4 Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Sensor and Antibacterial Applications

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi, as publisher, following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of systematic manipulation of the publication and peer-review process.…”