[Retracted] Self‐Adaptive Framework for Rectification and Detection of Black Hole and Wormhole Attacks in 6LoWPAN

Kamaleshwar, T.; Lakshminarayanan, Raghavendran; Teekaraman, Yuvaraja; Kuppusamy, Ramya; Radhakrishnan, Arun

doi:10.1155/2021/5143124

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…al. 47 proposed a self-adaptive framework for the detection and isolation of wormhole and black-hole attacks in 6 Low-power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN). They used to send dummy RREQ packets for filtering out the shortest route (2-3 hops) and finding the average route (4-5 hops).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and isolation of wormhole nodes in wireless ad hoc networks based on post-wormhole actions

Bhatti,

Saleem,

Imran

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The wormhole attack is one of the most treacherous attacks projected at the routing layer that can bypass cryptographic measures and derail the entire communication network. It is too difficult to prevent a priori; all the possible countermeasures are either too expensive or ineffective. Indeed, literature solutions either require expensive hardware (typically UWB or secure GPS transceivers) or pose specific constraints to the adversarial behavior (doing or not doing a suspicious action). The proposed solution belongs to the second category because the adversary is assumed to have done one or more known suspicious actions. In this solution, we adopt a heuristic approach to detect wormholes in ad hoc networks based on the detection of their illicit behaviors. Wormhole and post wormhole attacks are often confused in literature; that’s why we clearly state that our methodology does not provide a defence against wormholes, but rather against the actions that an adversary does after the wormhole, such as packet dropping, tampering with TTL, replaying and looping, etc. In terms of contributions, the proposed solution addresses the knock-out capability of attackers that is less targeted by the researcher’s community. In addition, it neither requires any additional hardware nor a change in it; instead, it is compatible with the existing network stack. The idea is simulated in ns2.30, and the average detection rate of the proposed solution is found to be 98-99%. The theoretical time to detect a wormhole node lies between 0.07-0.71 seconds. But, from the simulation, the average detection and isolation time is 0.67 seconds. In term of packet loss, the proposed solution has a relatively overhead of $$\approx$$ ≈ 22%. It works well in static and mobile scenarios, but the frame losses are higher in mobile scenarios as compared to static ones. The computational complexity of the solution is O(n). Simulation results advocate that the solution is effective in terms of memory, processing, bandwidth, and energy cost. The solution is validated using statistical parameters such as Accuracy, Precision, F1-Score and Matthews correlation coefficient ($$M_{cc}$$ M cc ).

show abstract

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and isolation of wormhole nodes in wireless ad hoc networks based on post-wormhole actions

Bhatti,

Saleem,

Imran

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…al. 26 proposed a self-adaptive framework for the detection and isolation of wormhole and black-hole attacks in 6 Low-power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN). They used to send dummy RREQ packets for filtering out the shortest route (2-3 hops) and finding the average route (4-5 hops).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…al. 26 rank based approach, does not require extra hardware may miss low or normal range wormholes Shukla et. al.…”

Section: Conclusion Of the Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

DAIWN: Detection and Isolation of Wormhole Nodes in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Bhatti

Saleem

Imran³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The wormhole attack is one of the most treacherous attacks projected at the routing layer that can bypass cryptographicmeasures and derail the entire communication network. It is too difficult to prevent a priori; all the possible countermeasures are either too expensive or ineffective. Indeed, literature solutions either require expensive hardware (typically UWB or secure GPStransceivers) or pose specific constraints to the adversarial behavior (doing or not doing a suspicious action). The proposed solution belongs to the second category because the adversary is assumed to have done one or more known suspicious actions. In this solution, we adopt a heuristic approach to detect wormholes in ad hoc networks based on the detection of their illicit behaviors. Wormhole and post wormhole attacks are often confused in literature; that’s why we clearly state that our methodology does not provide a defence against wormholes, but rather against the actions that an adversary does after thewormhole, such as packet dropping, tampering with TTL, replaying and looping, etc. In terms of contributions, the proposed solution addresses the knock-out capability of attackers that is less targeted by the researcher’s community. In addition, it neither requires any additional hardware nor a change in it; instead, it is compatible with the existing network stack. The idea is simulated in ns2.30, and the average detection rate of the proposed solution is found to be 98-99%. The theoretical time to detect a wormhole node lies between 0.07-0.71 seconds. But, from the simulation, the average detection and isolation time is 0.67 seconds. In term of packet loss, the proposed solution has a relatively overhead of ≈ 22%. It works well in static and mobile scenarios, but the frame losses are higher in mobile scenarios as compared to static ones. The computational complexity of the solution is O(n). Simulation results advocate that the solution is effective in terms of memory, processing, bandwidth, and energy cost. The solution is validated using statistical parameters such as Accuracy, Precision, F1-Score andMatthews correlation coefficient (Mcc).

show abstract

“…It is suitable for low bandwidths, different topologies, low-cost, scalable networks, etc. It is based on IP protocol and it is efficient for IP networks [17].…”

Section: Lowpanmentioning

confidence: 99%

A technique to improve IoT connectivity based on NB-IoT and D2D communications

Laguidi,

Tamtam,

Mejdoub

2023

ITM Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Internet of Things (IoT) can be defined as an environment in which object communicates with others objects to serve a meaningful purpose. The IoT is currently one of the unprecedented research areas for professionals and researchers. Every day, the unlimited benefits that it can bring to our lives and the demand for this technology is increasing. The IoT technology has the ability to improve our quality of life by connecting many objects, which we use, to communicate and cooperate. Indeed, it is possible to enable new applications, services and business opportunities in global sectors such as Smart Cities, Smart environment, Energy conservation, Home automation, Precise Agriculture, among others. This paper presents a brief overview of the IoT and provides a technique of IoT that can improve the connectivity of the objet. Our proposals consist in taking advantage of the extended coverage of the NB-IoT to extend the coverage of the Wi-Fi zone which does not exceed a few meters.

show abstract

[Retracted] Self‐Adaptive Framework for Rectification and Detection of Black Hole and Wormhole Attacks in 6LoWPAN

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Detection and isolation of wormhole nodes in wireless ad hoc networks based on post-wormhole actions

Detection and isolation of wormhole nodes in wireless ad hoc networks based on post-wormhole actions

DAIWN: Detection and Isolation of Wormhole Nodes in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

A technique to improve IoT connectivity based on NB-IoT and D2D communications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About