RETRACTED: Polyethersulfone- CaCu3Ti4O12 hollow fiber membrane with enhanced photocatalytical activity and water permeability

Immobilization techniques of a photocatalyst into and onto a polymer membrane for photocatalytic activity

“…Otitoju et al 72 explained the fabrication of the single layer hollow fibre membrane. A mixture of the photocatalyst, namely CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 (CT), with PVP, PES and DMAc was stirred for 24 hours as the dope solution, which was later used in the spinning system to produce the hollow fibre mixed matrix membrane.…”

“…The photocatalytic mixed matrix membrane successfully degraded 74.83% of Rhodamine B under 360 W UV-C light irradiation. 72 However, when the CT powder was 4 wt% in C4, the pore volume, pore diameter and surface area started to decrease due to the higher amount of CT, leading to the aggregation of particles in the pores. According to Naushad et al , 73 the undesirable light scattering or blocking of light may happen when the catalyst concentration used is too high.…”

“…For the mixed matrix membrane, it can be concluded that the photocatalyst, CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 , blended with the PES hollow fibre membrane using the dry–wet co-spinning technique was the most promising method in the photodegradation of the dye. 72 This is due to the faster degradation of rhodamine B under UV light irradiation up to 74.83% removal only within 40 min. Besides, the hollow fibre configuration provides a higher surface area for light penetration towards the active sites of the photocatalyst during photodegradation.…”

“…Fig.11SEM images of the (a) surface and (b) cross-section of the PES-CT composite membrane with a composition of CT powder at: (C1) 0 wt%, (C2) 1.25 wt%, (C3) 2.5 wt% and (C4) 4 wt% 72. …”

“…The surface area, pore volume and pore diameter of the pristine and PES-CT composite membrane by BET isotherm72 …”