RETRACTED: Mechanical Properties Study on Sandwich Composites of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) Using Liquid Thermoplastic Resin, Elium®: Preliminary Experiments

Alshahrani, Hassan; Ahmed, Azzam; Kabrein, Hashim; Prakash, Ved

doi:10.3390/coatings12101423

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…This is due to the surface treated cellulose inclusion that reduces the initiation of cracks by decreasing the voids in composite. [ 30 ] The maximum observed fatigue life counts were about 34,227 for composite designated as “EBG3” is due to the 5.0 vol% of cellulose and 40 vol% of bamboo fiber.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, DMA, and fatigue behavior of Vitis vinifera stalk cellulose Bambusa vulgaris fiber epoxy composites

et al. 2023

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This investigation aimed to determine the effect of adding Vitis vinifera stalk cellulose (VSC) to epoxy resin composites reinforced with Bambusa vulgaris fiber (BVF). This study also focused on the mechanical, dynamic mechanical analysis, and fatigue properties of epoxy composites fabricated using VSC and BVF. The composite laminates were prepared using a hand layup method and were evaluated with respect to the corresponding ASTM standards. The mechanical properties illustrate that the increment in values for tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, Izod impact as well as hardness maximum up to 162 MPa, 6.21 GPa, 182 MPa, 6.48 GPa, 5.72 J, and 90 shore‐D, respectively for 5.0 vol% of BVF and 40 vol% of bamboo fiber composite designation EBG3 (Epoxy + Bamboo + Grape cellulose). Similarly, the addition of BVF by 40 vol% improved the storage modulus, loss factor, and fatigue life count of composite “EB” (Epoxy + Bamboo) by about 2.91 GPa, 0.55 and 19,227, respectively. The highest observed storage modulus and minimum loss factor were about 4.14 GPa and 0.36 for the composite designation “EBG3” as well as the maximum observed fatigue life counts were about 34,227 for the same. These composites with mechanically strong properties with improved thermo‐mechanical properties and fatigue life could be applicable in automotive side door beadings, ballistic resistance defense equipments, sports goods, and also in some of the household gadgets making purposes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, DMA, and fatigue behavior of Vitis vinifera stalk cellulose Bambusa vulgaris fiber epoxy composites

et al. 2023

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“…Another positive attribute of Elium composite is its superior adhesion to other materials, such as cores in sandwich composites. An example of this attribute has been demonstrated by Alshahrani et al [15]. They investigated the flatwise tensile, flexural, and climbing drum peel strengths of sandwich composites made of glass-epoxy and glass-Elium with PVC and PET foams.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparative Performance of Kevlar, Glass and Basalt Epoxy- and Elium-Based Composites under Static-, Low- and High-Velocity Loading Scenarios—Introduction to an Effective Recyclable and Eco-Friendly Composite

Taheri,

Llanos

2024

Polymers

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In general, the majority of fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) used in structural applications comprise carbon, glass, and aramid fibers reinforced with epoxy resin, with the occasional utilization of polyester and vinyl ester resins. This study aims to assess the feasibility of utilizing recyclable and sustainable materials to create a resilient composite suitable for structural applications, particularly in scenarios involving low-velocity and high-velocity impact (LVI, HVI) loading. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the performance of E-glass, aramid, and eco-friendly basalt-reinforcing fabrics as reinforcement fibers in both thermosetting (epoxy) and recyclable thermoplastic (Elium©) resins. Given the limited research on Elium composites, especially those incorporating basalt-reinforcing fiber, there is an urgent need to expand the databases of fundamental mechanical properties for these diverse composites. This necessity is exacerbated by the scarcity of the literature regarding their performance under low- and high-velocity impact loadings. The results of this study will demonstrate the potential of basalt-reinforced Elium composite as an effective recyclable and environmentally friendly structural material system for both static and dynamic loading conditions.

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“…The segmentation method was tested on a case study made from a glass fiber/epoxy WTB. However, recent developments in thermoplastic composites has increased their use in WTBs [9]. Unlike their epoxy counterparts, thermoplastic composites can be reshaped with appropriate thermoforming processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular applications through selection strategies (CATSS): a methodology for identifying reuse applications for end-of-life wind turbine blades

Carrete,

Joustra,

Balkenende

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Wind turbines are crucial for the energy transition, but their end-of-life treatment presents a challenge. Most wind turbine blades, made from composites, are currently sent for disposal or recycled through methods that degrade the value of the material. Structural reuse through blade segmentation was introduced as a recovery method that maintains high material value throughout subsequent life cycles. Most recovery attempts focus on thermoset composites, but thermoplastics are becoming more common. Unlike thermosets, thermoplastics can be reshaped through thermoforming processes, which offers the opportunity of adapting the geometry of a blade to new reuse applications. This paper introduces selection strategies to identify secondary applications of reshaped thermoplastic blade sections. A new methodology is proposed based on Landru’s selection strategies and the Material Driven Design method (MDD). The Circular Applications Through Selection Strategies (CATSS) methodology proposes understanding a material at different levels to identify applications. Each sectioning level of the blades yields different material characteristics, such as the reshapability, that are then put into Landru’s three selection strategies: substitution, selection by function, and inverse selection. Substitution directly supplants other materials with blades in an existing application; selection by function compares material properties and performance indices to derive the most relevant functions (i.e. “light-weight beams”); and inverse selection identifies suitable market sectors. The CATSS method is a systematic approach to exploring the reuse of blade sections across multiple life cycles, taking into consideration the changes in blade geometry introduced by each sectioning level. For example, the second use cycle might use blade segments for infrastructural applications like electrical transmission poles, while 3rd and 4th cycles reuse blade elements or blade units for urban furniture or automotive parts, respectively. Thus, by identifying multiple use cycle applications at various sectioning levels, we introduce structural reuse and reshaping as a long-lasting recovery pathway for decommissioned wind turbine blades. The selection strategies presented on the one hand can help identify new applications for thermoplastic composite products at their end-of-life, while on the other hand they indicate which aspects need to be considered in the original design, thus contributing to more circular practices in the composites industry.

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RETRACTED: Mechanical Properties Study on Sandwich Composites of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) Using Liquid Thermoplastic Resin, Elium®: Preliminary Experiments

Cited by 23 publications

References 69 publications

Mechanical, DMA, and fatigue behavior of Vitis vinifera stalk cellulose Bambusa vulgaris fiber epoxy composites

Mechanical, DMA, and fatigue behavior of Vitis vinifera stalk cellulose Bambusa vulgaris fiber epoxy composites

Comparative Performance of Kevlar, Glass and Basalt Epoxy- and Elium-Based Composites under Static-, Low- and High-Velocity Loading Scenarios—Introduction to an Effective Recyclable and Eco-Friendly Composite

Circular applications through selection strategies (CATSS): a methodology for identifying reuse applications for end-of-life wind turbine blades

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