At present, with the rapid development of China's social economy and the proposed policy of common prosperity, the problem of teachers' income gap has attracted increasing attention. Especially in the field of higher vocational education, the problem of teachers' income gap is not only related to the quality of teachers' life, but also affects the quality of education and social equity. This paper focuses on the current situation of teachers' income in Zhejiang Province under the background of common prosperity, probes into six key factors affecting income, and puts forward four specific adjustment measures. The results of the two groups of questionnaires are as follows: In the analysis and research on the factors of teacher income gap, internal factors are more critical than external factors, and the comprehensive score of the proposed adjustment measures for income gap is about 93.4 points, which can be regarded as effective. The results of this model can guide the government and relevant departments to adjust the salary structure of teachers, promote the fair distribution of educational resources, and then promote the common prosperity of the whole society.