RETRACTED: I Do Not Even Remember What I Smoked! A Case of Marijuana-induced Transient Global Amnesia

Mansour, George; Abuzaid, Ahmad; Bellamkonda, Pallavi

doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.07.001

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In young people, it has been reportedly associated with migraine and mild head injuries (eg, while playing football) (Ardila 1989;Tosi and Righetti 1997;Nilsson et al 2005). A case of recurrent transient global amnesia associated with high altitude, and consequently reduced oxygen availability, has been reported (Bucuk et al 2008); another case relates it with prolonged underwater swimming (Jeong e tal 2010); in another reported case, transient global amnesia is observed after prolonged and abnormal head posture (Borelli et al 2011); and also, there is at least 1 case report of marijuana-induced transient global amnesia (Mansour et al 2014).…”

Section: Biological Basis Etiology and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient global amnesia

Williamson

Larner

2015

Br J Hosp Med

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Historical note and terminology Fisher and Adams coined the term "transient global amnesia," but this syndrome was first described in 1956 by Bender as the "syndrome of [an] isolated episode of confusion with amnesia" and by Guyotat and Courjon as "les ictus amnesiques" (Bender 1956; Guyotat and Courjon 1956; Fisher and Adams 1958). Probably before 1950 it was interpreted either as a psychogenic amnesia or as an amnesia occurring after an emotional shock (Gil et al 2010). The essential features are an episode of acute onset of transient global anterograde amnesia, with a variable degree of impairment of retrograde memory, which is not associated with any other major neurologic signs or symptoms (Bender 1956). Since this syndrome's recognition, controversy has surrounded its pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis. Clinical manifestations Presentation and course Typically, the onset is abrupt, and anterograde memory is profoundly impaired. Patients are disoriented in time and often in place but never to person. Particulars are forgotten even after repeated practice, resulting in ideational and motor perseveration. Patients recognize their memory deficits and repeatedly ask orienting questions and also, "Why can't I remember?" (Bender 1956). Retrograde memory is variably disturbed, lasting hours to years. Patients often do not recognize acquaintances but can usually recall their own name and recognize close relatives. Immediate memory, as demonstrated by the patient's ability to immediately repeat several digits or words, and procedural memory, as demonstrated by the patient's ability to do complex tasks (eg, driving), are preserved (Evers et al 2002). Raised level of anxiety and a depressed mood are observed (Hainselin et al 2012). Patients appear confused, tending to get lost once outside familiar surroundings. Alertness is normal. General knowledge and ability to perform complex tasks, such as arithmetic, reading, writing, driving a car, and even performing a challenging musical concert (Thakur and Ropper 2011) are usually unaffected. During the attack, approximately 10% complain of a headache (Hodges and Warlow 1990a; Zorzon et al 1995). Transient oculomotor abnormalities may be present (Yang et al 2009). No other major neurologic symptoms, signs, or overt seizure manifestations are present. Resolution is gradual, with subjective recovery occurring in two thirds of patients within 2 to 12 hours and, in almost all, within 24 hours. Detailed neuropsychological testing has been performed during attacks of transient global amnesia. An almost complete loss of short-term memory occurs, and a striking retrograde amnesia for both verbal and nonverbal facts is present, although the extent of the retrograde amnesia is variable, with more distant memories usually being spared. A defect in dating past memories exists. Immediate memory (ie, digit span) is spared. The impairment of anterograde memory is global, affecting verbal and nonverbal memory to a similar degree, and it is not material specific (Kritchevsky et al 1997)....

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