RETRACTED: Ginsenoside Rg1 defenses PC-12 cells against hydrogen peroxide-caused damage via up-regulation of miR-216a-5p

Abstract

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive trauma accompanying with local injury, half of which cause chronic paralysis. Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts anti-apoptosis and anti-autophagy properties. Therefore, our goal was to study the protective mechanism of Rg1 in attenuating cell injury. Methods: MiR-216a-5p inhibitor was transfected into PC-12 cells, then cells were pre-treated by Rg1 and treated with 300 μ M hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) for 24 h. CCK-8 and apoptosis experiments were done to test cell activity and apoptosis respectively. Expression of miR-216a-5p and cell damage relative factors was tested via qRT-PCR and western blot experiments, respectively. Results: H 2 O 2 induced cell activity suppression, apoptosis and autophagy well at the concentration of 300 μ M, leading cell injury. Rg1 could attenuate cell injury induced by H 2 O 2 at the working concentration of 200 μ M that it elevated cell activity, attenuated apoptosis and autophagy and activated PI3K/AKT and AMPK signal pathways. Further, miR-216a-5p was up-regulated by Rg1. Rg1 played its role in relieving cell injury by positively regulating miR-216a-5p. Conclusion:Our study demonstrated that Rg1 attenuated H 2 O 2 -caused cell injury through positively regulated miR-216a-5p.

Transplantation of thermosensitive hydrogel encapsulated miR-216a-5p overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells for functional recovery of spinal cord injury

“…Increasing cell proliferation, viability, and motility while lowering apoptosis are all hallmarks of renal carcinomas in which miR-216a-5p is expressed [30]. Recent research has shown that miR-216a-5p has a protective effect against cellular injury [30,31]. A research discovered that upregulating miR-216a-5p, ginsenoside R1 reduced ROSinduced cellular damage, which in turn lowered autophagy and apoptosis in the cells [31].…”

“…Recent research has shown that miR-216a-5p has a protective effect against cellular injury [30,31]. A research discovered that upregulating miR-216a-5p, ginsenoside R1 reduced ROSinduced cellular damage, which in turn lowered autophagy and apoptosis in the cells [31]. Furthermore, in an asthma model study, miR-216a-5p appears to protect H 2 O 2 -damaged cells by controlling the high mobility group box 1/NF-kB pathway [32].…”

Mechanisms of ginsenosides exert neuroprotective effects on spinal cord injury: A promising traditional Chinese medicine

“…To further clarify the mechanism, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was used to prove that the anti-apoptotic effect was achieved through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Similarly, Rg1 exerts neuroprotection via the same pathway as Rb1 ( Yi et al, 2019 ).…”

Lenalidomide improves H2O2‑induced PC12 cell injury by blocking the Notch signaling pathway

“…1A). According to a previous experiment (16), 300 µM was selected as the final dose of H 2 O 2 for the SCI model in view of the appropriate degree of cell death under this dose. Additionally, the viability of PC12 cells treated with different doses of LEN revealed no significant difference compared with the control group (Fig.…”