[Retracted] CuO‐TiO2‐Chitosan‐Berbamine Nanocomposites Induce Apoptosis through the Mitochondrial Pathway with the Expression of P53, BAX, and BCL‐2 in the Human K562 Cancer Cell Line

Abstract

In this study, cells from human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (K562) were cultivated with CuO-TiO 2 -Chitosan-Berbamine nanocomposites. We examined nanocomposites using XRD, DLS, FESEM, TEM, PL, EDAX, and FTIR spectroscopy, as well as MTT for cytotoxicity, and AO/EtBr for apoptotic morphology assessment. The rate of apoptosis and cell cycle arrests was determined using flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was also employed to identify pro- and antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl2, Bad, Bax, P53, and Cyt C. The FTIR spectrum revealed that the CuO-TiO 2 -Chitosan-Berbamine nanocomposites were electrostatically interlocked. The nanocomposites' XRD signals revealed a hexagonal shape. In the DLS spectrum, nanocomposites were found to have a hydrodynamic diameter. As a result of their cytotoxic action, nanocomposites displayed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. The nanocomposites, like Doxorubicin, caused cell cycle phase arrest in K562 cells. After treatment with IC 50 concentrations of CuO-TiO 2 -Chitosan-Berbamine nanocomposites and Doxorubicin, a substantial percentage of cells were in G2/M stage arrest. Caspase-3, -7, -8, -9, Bax, Bad, Cyt C, and P53 expression were considerably enhanced in K562 cells, whereas Bcl2 expression was decreased, indicating that these cells may have therapeutic potential against human blood cancer/leukemia-derived disorders. As a result, the nanocomposites demonstrated outstanding anticancer potential against leukemic cells. CuO-TiO 2 -Chitosan-Berbamine, according to our findings.

Effects of Albumin–Chlorogenic Acid Nanoparticles on Apoptosis and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway Inhibitory Activity in MDA-MB-435s Cells

“…Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenol component present in dietary components like cherries, citrus fruits, apples, carrots, tea, coffee, etc. [19]. CGA was reported to exert anti-oxidant, inflammatory-relieving, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and antibacterial functions [20,21].…”

“…The Lambda-35 spectrometer was employed to detect the absorption spectrum of albumin-chlorogenic acid NPs at 200 and 1100 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum was acquired using a spectrometer [19].…”

Supremacy of nanoparticles in the therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia

“…In CML K562 cells, CuO-TiO 2 -Chitosan-Berbamine nanocomposites led to the death of cells in a dose-dependent way with an IC50 of 113.54 g/mL. By targeting members of the BCL-2 family (BAX and BCL-2) and raising the level of p53, they cause mitochondrial apoptosis [ 45 ]. Dasatinib-loaded gold nanoparticles (DSB-GNPs) are a reliable method for DSB administration in the therapy of CML due to their claimed cytotoxic effect, systemic bioavailability, and sustained release [ 46 ].…”

Synergistic effects of CuO/TiO2‐chitosan‐farnesol nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities on melanoma cells SK‐MEL‐3

“…Chitosan, a renewable and biodegradable material derived from chitin, aligns with the principles of sustainable and green technology. Incorporating chitosan into the nanocomposite contributes to environmentally friendly solutions [21].…”