[Retracted] Cascading Failure Dynamics against Intentional Attack for Interdependent Industrial Internet of Things

Peng, Hao; Qian, Zhen; Kan, Zhe; Zhao, Dandan; Yu, Juan; Han, Jianmin

doi:10.1155/2021/7181431

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…As for the coupling pattern, Parshani et al [ 26 ] noted that reducing the number of interdependent edges could improve the robustness of the network to lead to a change from a first-order-percolation phase transition to a second-order-percolation transition. Zhong et al [ 27 ] found that the repair effect will change as the proportion of dependent nodes increases.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on Cascading Failures of Directed–Undirected Interdependent Networks with Different Coupling Patterns

2023

Entropy

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Most existing studies model interdependent networks as simple network systems consisting of two or more undirected subnets, and the interdependent edges between the networks are undirected. However, many real-world interdependent networks are coupled by a directed subnet and an undirected subnet, such as supply chain networks coupled with cyber networks, and cyber manufacturing networks coupled with service networks. Therefore, in this work, we focus on a ubiquitous type of interdependent network—the directed–undirected interdependent network—and research the cascading failures of directed–undirected interdependent networks with different coupling patterns. Owing to the diversity of coupling patterns to realistic interdependent network systems, we introduce two types of interdependent edges (i.e., directed-to-undirected and undirected-to-directed interdependent edges). On this basis, we generated different types of directed–undirected interdependent networks with varying coupling patterns (i.e., one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-one) and investigated the cascading failure robustness of these types of networks. Finally, we explored the cascading robustness of directed–undirected interdependent networks under two different attack strategies (single-node attack and multi-node attack). Through extensive experiments, we have obtained some meaningful findings: (1) the cascading robustness of directed–undirected interdependent networks is positively related to the overload tolerance coefficient and load exponential coefficient; (2) high-degree nodes and high-in-degree nodes should be protected to improve the cascading robustness of directed–undirected interdependent networks; (3) the cascading robustness of one-to-many interdependent networks can be improved by adding directed-to-undirected interdependent edges; and the cascading robustness of many-to-one interdependent networks can be improved by adding undirected-to-directed interdependent edges.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on Cascading Failures of Directed–Undirected Interdependent Networks with Different Coupling Patterns

2023

Entropy

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“…Reference [40] proposed a method to convert targeted selective attacks into random attacks, but the connection between networks is still a simple one-to-one connection. Peng [41] studied the cascading failure of interdependent networks under a one-to-many model when they were deliberately attacked but did not consider the mixed proportion. To solve the above problems, we model the IoT system as an interdependent network model with mixed node proportion and study the reliability of IoT systems under the targeted selective attack strategy based on node degree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascading-Failures Effect on Heterogeneous Internet of Things Systems under Targeted Selective Attack

Yang

Qian

Zhang

et al. 2022

Security and Communication Networks

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With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), the physical system and the network space are further deeply integrated, forming a larger-scale IoT heterogeneous fusion system. The attack mode considered in the security mechanism research of traditional large-scale complex systems is relatively simple; only simple attack types such as random attacks on physical systems or network systems are considered. In addition, existing attack modalities such as selectivity, locality, and distribution cannot fully consider the characteristics of security threats in the IoT system. In this paper, for large-scale heterogeneous IoT system scenarios, attackers can attack network systems or physical systems through cyberspace. We conduct situational awareness analysis on important traffic nodes or backbone nodes and study the cascading failures of two interdependent heterogeneous space systems. In view of the existence of such targeted attack threats in large-scale IoT heterogeneous systems, we focus on security assessment and risk prediction issues. First, this paper analyzes and models different IoT heterogeneous systems. Then using the penetration theory, we analyze the cascading failure process step by step and obtain the critical threshold for system collapse failure. Finally, we further verify the correctness of the theoretical values through simulation to effectively analyze and illustrate the reliability of the parameters affecting the system risk. The experimental results show that the large-scale IoT heterogeneous system presents a first-order discontinuous transition value near the critical threshold and the power-law index of the SF network has little effect on the system security.

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“…Tis article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. Tis investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”

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confidence: 99%