RETRACTED: Biomaterial-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4 Used to Improve the Efficiency of Hyperthermia of Tumors in HepG2 Model

Abstract

The main treatments for cancer recorded to date include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Although we have achieved great success in treating certain types of tumors, there are still many incurable even with the help of modern treatments. Currently, the principles of magnetic-induction hyperthermia in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia are considered an effective treatment for cancer cells. As reported in previous articles, these nanoparticles generate a lot of heat that raises the temperatures of tumors, hence treating the cancer cells. The other significant potential of magnetic nanoparticles is the ability to combine heat and drug release for cancer treatment. However, within the biologically safe range of AC magnetic fields, the lack of induction heating power and the high criteria for biocompatibility in superparamagnetic-nanoparticle hyperthermia agents still make up the key challenges for the successful clinical application of magnetic hyperthermia. In this study, two different types of iron oxide nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4) were modified with whey protein isolate (WPI) to form bio-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles with spherical or diamond-shaped structures and diameters between 20 and 100 nm, which demonstrate excellent stability under different conditions. Adriamycin (ADM) has also been successfully loaded onto these nanoparticles and used in this experiment. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies were performed using these WPI-modified nanoparticles on HepG2 tumor models and mice to assess their bioavailability and biological feasibility. The results prove that these WPI-modified nanoparticles perform satisfactorily in conjunction with hyperthermia to cure tumors completely.

Theoretical Study on Specific Loss Power and Heating Temperature in CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles as Possible Candidate for Alternative Cancer Therapy by Superparamagnetic Hyperthemia

“…However, the effectiveness and efficiency of superparamagnetic hyperthermia in destroying tumor cells depends very much on the magnetic nanoparticles used for it. Most viable results have been obtained so far by using Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (magnetite) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], but also other magnetically soft ferromagnetic nanoparticles (which have low magnetic anisotropy) [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51].…”

One-dimensional assemblies of magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles

“…According to the measurements by S. Zhao et al, γ-Fe 2 O 3 has a slightly lower heat generation than Fe 3 O 4 , but both are suitable for magnetic hyperthermia as they generate heat. 29) The shape of the IONPs seemed to be relatively rectangular rather than spherical.…”

Magnetically induced self-assembly DNAzyme electrochemical biosensor based on gold-modified α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterogeneous nanoparticles for sensitive detection of Ni2+

“…Moreover, the MGCE can be rapidly regenerated by removing the magnetic inner core. Magnetic Fe 3 O 4 and α-Fe 2 O 3 nanomaterials are usually applied as magnetic electrode modified material, however, although Fe 3 O 4 nanomaterials have an excellent magnetic response and good biocompatibility, their properties are unstable [17][18][19]. While, α-Fe 2 O 3 nanomaterials are stable and non-toxic, but their saturation magnetization (Ms) is low, which is unfavorable to magnetically induced self-assembly [20,21].…”