RETRACTED: Attachment Styles, Pain, and the Consumption of Analgesics During Labor: A Prospective Observational Study

Costa-Martins, José Manuel; Pereira, Marco; Martins, Humberto; Moura­‐Ramos, Mariana; Coelho, Rui; Tavares, João Manuel Ribeiro da Silva

doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2013.12.004

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These results are consistent with prior studies suggesting an association between insecure attachment styles and higher pain intensity (Costa-Martins et al, 2014a;MacDonald & Kingsbury, 2006;McWilliams et al, 2000;Meredith et al, 2006b), thereby supporting attachment insecurity as a significant factor in vulnerability to pain. Additionally, insecurely attached women reported higher analgesic consumption and a higher ratio of PCEA demands/PCEA delivered, which reinforces the results obtained using the VAS and substantiates the literature suggesting the importance of psychological variables and individual characteristics in the prediction of analgesic consumption (Costa-Martins et al, 2014b;Ip et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These rhythms depend on external synchronisation, in which the influence of psychological dimensions is also important (Adam & Gunnar, 2001). In this context, associations between attachment and pain have been observed for different types of pain (Meredith et al, 2008;Meredith, 2013), including labour pain (Costa-Martins et al, 2014a, 2014b. Given this background, this study aimed to investigate the effects of attachment style and time of day on labour pain, analgesic consumption and pharmacological effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, there is evidence that individual differences in attachment style are related to different expressions of both chronic (Meredith et al, 2008) and experimentally induced pain (Meredith, 2013) as well as (more recently) labour pain (Costa-Martins et al, 2014a). Specifically, insecure styles have been related to a reduced pain threshold and a lower ability to cope with pain (Meredith et al, 2006b), more negative appraisals of pain (Ciechanowski et al, 2003) and greater pain intensity (Costa-Martins et al, 2014a;MacDonald & Kingsbury, 2006;McWilliams et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, insecure styles have been related to a reduced pain threshold and a lower ability to cope with pain (Meredith et al, 2006b), more negative appraisals of pain (Ciechanowski et al, 2003) and greater pain intensity (Costa-Martins et al, 2014a;MacDonald & Kingsbury, 2006;McWilliams et al, 2000). However, research has produced conflicting findings regarding pain intensity, with some studies reporting no association with attachment style (Ciechanowski et al, 2003;Davies et al, 2009;Meredith et al, 2006a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of women’s attachment style on the chronobiology of labour pain, analgesic consumption and pharmacological effect

Costa-Martins

Pereira

Martins

et al. 2014

Chronobiology International

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Circadian variation in biological rhythms has been identified as affecting both labour pain and the pharmacological properties of analgesics. In the context of pain, there is also a growing body of evidence suggesting the importance of adult attachment. The purpose of this study was to examine whether labour pain, analgesic consumption and pharmacological effect are significantly affected by the time of day, and to analyse whether this circadian variation is influenced by women's attachment style. This prospective observational study included a sample of 81 pregnant women receiving patientcontrolled epidural analgesia (PCEA). Attachment was assessed with the Adult Attachment ScaleRevised (AAS-R). The perceived intensity of labour pain in the early stage of labour (3 cm of cervical dilatation and before the administration of PCEA) was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS).Pain was also indirectly assessed by measuring the consumption of anaesthetics. The latency period and the duration of effect were recorded for a chronopharmacology characterisation. Pain, as assessed with the VAS, was significantly higher in the night-time group than in the daytime group. An insecure attachment style was significantly associated with greater labour pain at 3 cm of cervical dilatation (p < 0.001) and before the beginning of analgesia (p < 0.001) as well as with higher analgesic consumption and lower pharmacological efficacy (p < 0.05). The time of day was significantly associated with the pharmacological effect: the latency period was longer at night, and the duration of the pharmacological effect was longer during the daytime. The interaction between time of day and attachment style was not significant for any of the study variables. Our results provide evidence of the importance of circadian variation in studying labour pain and the pharmacological effect of labour analgesia involving epidural blockage with a PCEA regimen. Moreover, although there was no evidence that attachment style influenced the circadian variation, these data emphasise that insecure attachment patterns are a risk factor for greater labour pain and analgesic consumption, which should be considered in pain management approaches.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The influence of women’s attachment style on the chronobiology of labour pain, analgesic consumption and pharmacological effect

Costa-Martins

Pereira

Martins

et al. 2014

Chronobiology International

Self Cite

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“…In the two recent studies of attachment and pain surrounding labor and delivery, women who scored higher in attachment anxiety reported more severe labor pain recalled one to five weeks after birth (Quinn et al, 2015) and greater pain and analgesic consumption during childbirth (Costa-Martins et al, 2014). Thus, a consistent connection has been found between greater attachment anxiety and greater acute pain perceptions.…”

Section: Attachment Orientations and Physical Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childbirth pain, attachment orientations, and romantic partner support during labor and delivery

Wilson

Simpson

2016

Personal Relationships

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Attachment anxiety is associated with greater perceived physical pain, whereas social support is associated with lower pain perceptions. Few studies, however, have examined the joint effects of attachment and support on acute physical pain in a dyadic context. In this study, first-time expectant mothers (N=140) and their male partners completed romantic attachment measures (prenatally) and postnatal assessments of women’s pain and men’s emotional support during labor and delivery. More securely attached women benefited from emotional support in terms of reduced pain, more avoidantly attached women reported greater pain when given more support, and more anxiously attached women reported greater pain, regardless of their partner’s support. These results advance our understanding of which women are most vulnerable to painful childbirth.

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The Relevance of Attachment Theory in Medical Care

Strauß

Brenk-Franz

2016

Improving Patient Treatment With Attachment Theory

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RETRACTED: Attachment Styles, Pain, and the Consumption of Analgesics During Labor: A Prospective Observational Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

The influence of women’s attachment style on the chronobiology of labour pain, analgesic consumption and pharmacological effect

The influence of women’s attachment style on the chronobiology of labour pain, analgesic consumption and pharmacological effect

Childbirth pain, attachment orientations, and romantic partner support during labor and delivery

The Relevance of Attachment Theory in Medical Care

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