RETRACTED ARTICLE: TREM-1 associated macrophage polarization plays a significant role in inducing insulin resistance in obese population

Subramanian, Saravanan; Pallati, Pradeep K.; Sharma, Poonam; Agrawal, Devendra K.; Nandipati, Kalyana C.

doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1187-7

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…1B-F). According to previous reports, TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS might be involved in the inflammatory responses in acute cerebral infarction patients and are also M1 macrophage markers, while IL-4 and IL-10 are M2 macrophage markers [30]. Together the above results show that the M1 macrophage polarization of microglial cells is enhanced after AIS which promotes the inflammatory response.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Exosomes from MiR-30d-5p-ADSCs Reverse Acute Ischemic Stroke-Induced, Autophagy-Mediated Brain Injury by Promoting M2 Microglial/Macrophage Polarization

Jiang

Wang

Jin

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

243

191

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Background/Aims: Recent studies have indicated that exosomes secreted from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have important effects in the treatment of ischemic injury. However, the treatment mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether ADSC-derived exosomes enriched with microRNA (miR)-30d-5p have a protective effect on acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: In the current study, inflammatory factors and miR-30d-5p expression were assessed in 70 subjects with AIS and 35 healthy controls. Exosomes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and further examined using nanoparticle tracking analyses. A rat model of AIS and an in vitro model of oxygen- and glucose-deprived (OGD) primary microglia were established to study the protective mechanism of exosomes from miR-30d-5p-overexpressing ADSCs in ischemia-induced nerve injury. Results: The results showed that following AIS, the expression of inflammatory cytokines increased, while the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and miR-30d-5p decreased both in patients and in animal models. Moreover, in vitro studies demonstrated that suppression of autophagy significantly reduced the OGD-induced inflammatory response. In addition, exosome treatment was more effective in suppressing the inflammatory response by reversing OGD-induced and autophagy-mediated microglial polarization to M1. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that exosomes derived from ADSCs significantly decreased the cerebral injury area of infarction by suppressing autophagy and promoting M2 microglia/macrophage polarization. Conclusions: Our results suggest that miR-30d-5p-enhanced ADSC-derived exosomes prevent cerebral injury by inhibiting autophagy-mediated microglial polarization to M1.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Exosomes from MiR-30d-5p-ADSCs Reverse Acute Ischemic Stroke-Induced, Autophagy-Mediated Brain Injury by Promoting M2 Microglial/Macrophage Polarization

Jiang

Wang

Jin

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

243

191

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“…TREM-1 can be found in two different forms: membrane-bound and as a soluble receptor (sTREM-1). A growing body of literature supports a role for TREM-1 in several inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis, myocarditis, diabetes, and others [58,80,88,89]. TREM-1 activation was correlated with induction and amplification of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α [90].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taken together, our flow cytometry results show that TREM-1 expression is specific to infiltrating macrophages during virally induced neuroinflammation, thereby validating our RNA-Seq and qPCR data. Notably, since TREM-1 expression is correlated with induction of M1 macrophages and amplification of inflammatory cytokines [57,58], lower expression of TREM-1 at day 7 compared to day 3 suggests a shift toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. However, whether this alteration in the inflammatory response is associated with macrophage polarization or an increase in anti-inflammatory macrophages infiltrating into the CNS is currently unknown.…”

Section: Trem-1 Is Expressed By Cns-infiltrating Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential transcriptional profiles identify microglial- and macrophage-specific gene markers expressed during virus-induced neuroinflammation

DePaula-Silva

Gorbea

Doty

et al. 2019

J Neuroinflammation

106

113

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Background In the healthy central nervous system (CNS), microglia are found in a homeostatic state and peripheral macrophages are absent from the brain. Microglia play key roles in maintaining CNS homeostasis and acting as first responders to infection and inflammation, and peripheral macrophages infiltrate the CNS during neuroinflammation. Due to their distinct origins and functions, discrimination between these cell populations is essential to the comprehension of neuroinflammatory disorders. Studies comparing the gene profiles of microglia and peripheral macrophages, or macrophages in vitro-derived from bone marrow, under non-infectious conditions of the CNS, have revealed valuable microglial-specific genes. However, studies comparing gene profiles between CNS-infiltrating macrophages and microglia, when both are isolated from the CNS during viral-induced neuroinflammation, are lacking. Methods We isolated, via flow cytometry, microglia and infiltrating macrophages from the brains of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus-infected C57BL/6 J mice and used RNA-Seq, followed by validation with qPCR, to examine the differential transcriptional profiles of these cells. We utilized primary literature defining subcellular localization to determine whether or not particular proteins extracted from the transcriptional profiles were expressed at the cell surface. The surface expression and cellular specificity of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) protein were examined via flow cytometry. We also examined the immune response gene profile within the transcriptional profiles of these isolated microglia and infiltrating macrophages. Results We have identified and validated new microglial- and macrophage-specific genes, encoding cell surface proteins, expressed at the peak of neuroinflammation. TREM-1 protein was confirmed to be expressed by infiltrating macrophages, not microglia, at the peak of neuroinflammation. We also identified both unique and redundant immune functions, through examination of the immune response gene profiles, of microglia and infiltrating macrophages during neurotropic viral infection. Conclusions The differential expression of cell surface-specific genes during neuroinflammation can potentially be used to discriminate between microglia and macrophages as well as provide a resource that can be further utilized to target and manipulate specific cell responses during neuroinflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1545-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Therefore, we used CD45 low CD11b + CD86 + as a marker of M1 microglia and CD45 low CD11b + CD206 + as a marker of M2 microglia. CD11b + and CD45 high are general markers of macrophages, and CD86 and CD206 are markers of M1‐ and M2‐like macrophages, respectively . Therefore, CD45 high CD11b + CD86 + was used as a marker of M1 macrophages and CD45 high CD11b + CD206 + as a marker of M2 macrophages (Supplementary Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune changes in peripheral blood and hematoma of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2020

FASEB j.

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Immunologic changes in the hematoma of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the contribution of these changes to prognosis are unknown. We collected the blood samples and hematoma fluid from 35 patients with acute ICH (<30 hours from symptom onset) and 55 age-matched healthy controls. Using flow cytometry and ELISA, we found that the percentages of granulocytes, regulatory T cells, helper T (Th) 17 cells, and dendritic cells were higher in the peripheral blood of patients with ICH than in healthy controls, whereas the percentages of lymphocytes, M1-like macrophages, and M2-like macrophages were lower. Levels of IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β were higher in the peripheral blood of patients with ICH. The absolute counts of white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes in the hematoma tended to be greater at 12-30 hours than they were within 12 hours after ICH, but the percentage of Th cells decreased in peripheral blood.Increased levels of IL-10 in the serum and hematoma, and a reduction in M1-like macrophages in hematoma were independently associated with favorable outcome on day 90. These results indicate that immunocytes present in the hematoma may participate in the acute-phase inflammatory response after ICH. K E Y W O R D Shematoma, immune changes, intracerebral hemorrhage, outcome, patients | 2775 JIANG et Al.

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: TREM-1 associated macrophage polarization plays a significant role in inducing insulin resistance in obese population

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Exosomes from MiR-30d-5p-ADSCs Reverse Acute Ischemic Stroke-Induced, Autophagy-Mediated Brain Injury by Promoting M2 Microglial/Macrophage Polarization

Exosomes from MiR-30d-5p-ADSCs Reverse Acute Ischemic Stroke-Induced, Autophagy-Mediated Brain Injury by Promoting M2 Microglial/Macrophage Polarization

Differential transcriptional profiles identify microglial- and macrophage-specific gene markers expressed during virus-induced neuroinflammation

Immune changes in peripheral blood and hematoma of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage

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