RETRACTED ARTICLE: Therapeutic effect of melatonin-loaded chitosan/lecithin nanoparticles on hyperglycemia and pancreatic beta cells regeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

Nanotechnology is used to overcome fundamental flaws in today's marketed pharmaceuticals that obstruct therapy, like restricted solubility and quick release of drugs into the bloodstream. In both human and animal researches, melatonin was demonstrated to regulate glucose levels. Despite the fact that melatonin is quickly transported through the mucosa, its sensitivity to be oxidized creates a difficulty in achieving the required dose. Additionally, due to its variable absorption and poor oral bioavailability necessitates the development of alternative delivery methods. The study aimed to synthesize melatonin loaded chitosan/lecithin (Mel-C/L) nanoparticles to be assessed in the treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity properties of nanoparticles were estimated to determine the safety of manufactured nanoparticles for in vivo studies. In addition, Mel-C/L nanoparticles were administered to rats for eight weeks after inducing hyperglycemia. The therapeutic effect of Mel-C/L nanoparticles was assessed in all experimental groups by detecting insulin and blood glucose levels; observing improvements in liver and kidney functions as well as histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of rats’ pancreatic sections. The results proved that Mel-C/L nanoparticles showed remarkable anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, and anti-oxidant effects, in addition to its efficiency in reducing blood glucose levels of STZ-induced diabetic rats and great ability to promote the regeneration of pancreatic beta (β)-cells. Furthermore, Mel-C/L nanoparticles elevated the insulin level; and decreased the elevated levels of urea, creatinine and cholesterol. In conclusion, nanoparticles application decreased the administrated melatonin dose that in turn can diminish the side effects of free melatonin administration.

Effect of Akkermansia muciniphila on pancreatic islet β-cell function in rats with prediabetes mellitus induced by a high-fat diet

“…These authors also highlight the butyrate upregulation of acetyl-CoA, which not only enhances mitochondrial ATP production but also acts as a necessary cosubstrate for the initiation of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway (Anderson and Maes 2020 ). Exogenous melatonin is an established regulator of more optimized pancreatic β cells in the course of induced diabetes (Alaa et al 2023 ), suggesting that its regulation in pancreatic β cells, as well as its exogenous efflux from other cells in the human pancreatic islet β-cell microenvironment (Anderson 2023 ), will be important to clarify.…”

Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis of D-pinitol function during hippocampal damage in streptozocin-induced aging-accelerated mice

“…A simultaneous in vivo and in vitro study has shown that combination treatment with melatonin and sitagliptin is superior to monotherapies in treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) (Patel et al, 2023). A recent study showed that melatonin-loaded chitosan/ lecithin (Mel-C/L) demonstrated multiple effects in diabetic rats, including reducing blood glucose levels, promoting beta cell regeneration, and having anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and antioxidant properties (Alaa et al, 2023). In our study, melatonin was significantly upregulated in the DM group and was downregulated after DP treatment.…”

Melatonin loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles reduce inflammation, inhibit apoptosis and protect rat’s liver from the hazardous effects of CCL4

“…In vitro cytotoxicity assay were accomplished according to Alaa et al . 28 . 100 µl/well of 10 5 Caco2 cells in tissue culture plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h to allow for the development of cell monolayers.…”

“…For histological analysis, paraffin slices of 4 micron thickness were cut, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, mounted in dibutylphthalate polystyrene xylene, and then covered 33 , 35 . For immunohistochemical examination 28 , H 2 O 2 (3%) [followed by a PBS wash and a 60-min blocking with bovine serum albumin (BSA, 5%)] was used to inhibit the endogenous peroxidase activity. Liver sections were washed in PBS, after, a 30-min incubation with the primary antibody [anti-nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-кB) p65 antibody (ab86299, abcam, USA) or anti-C-Reactive Protein antibody (C1688, Sigma Aldrich, USA)].…”