Retracted Article: The nuclear export of TR3 mediated gambogic acid-induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cells through mitochondrial dysfunction

Abstract

The crosstalk of TR3 and p53 mediates GA-induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells.

Gambogic Acid as a Candidate for Cancer Therapy: A Review

“…48 Notch signaling pathway was also involved in GA-induced apoptosis with reduction of bcl-2 and PI3K in non-small cell lung cancer. 49 In addition, GA-associated targets in apoptosis have been found in various types of cancers, including TR3 in cervical cancer, 50 hERG and steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) in leukemia, 51,52 BRD4 in anaplastic thyroid cancer, 53 DDIT3, DUSP1, DUSP5, GADD45B, TOP2A, TOP2B, TOP3A and ALDOA in pancreatic cancer. 8 GA could also enhance epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) degradation and inhibit AKT/mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) via up-regulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent-leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) in glioma cells.…”