RETRACTED ARTICLE: Revisiting the impact of trade openness on environmental sustainability in Belt and Road countries: a heterogeneous panel approach

Ahakwa, Isaac; Sarpong, Francis Atta; Korankye, Benard; Ofori, Elvis Kwame; Odai, Leslie Afotey; Musah, Mohammed Borhandden

doi:10.1007/s11356-023-28366-3

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Trade openness (LNTO) is positively associated with carbon emissions: a 1% increase in the level of TO increases carbon emissions to about 0.15% in Pakistan in the long run. Similar findings were by Shahbaz et al (2017) in 105 countries, Wang and Wang (2021) in lower-income, and Ahakwa et al (2023) in BRI countries. Urbanization (LNUR) significantly increases CO2.…”

Section: Existed Asymmetric Relationshipsupporting

confidence: 75%

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An Asymmetric Analysis of Renewable Energy in Mitigating Carbon Emissions in Pakistan

Asghar,

Amjad,

Rehman

2023

iRASD J. Eco.

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To achieve sustainable growth, energy is incumbent because all modern production is based on it. Unfortunately, about 80% of the global population uses polluted energy, adversely damaging the environment. The present study asses the asymmetric role of renewable energy in the mitigation of CO2 emissions in Pakistan. The Non-linear ARDL econometric approach is used to estimate the empirical results of the time series data from 1980 to 2020. The study found that positive change in renewable energy adversely declines CO2 emissions while negative change increases CO2 emissions. Additionally, the HDI and trade openness lessens CO2 emissions, while urbanization increases CO2 emissions. The study recommends that Pakistan should promote eco-friendly consumption patterns. Pakistan should focus on promoting renewable energy resources, which will help combat the upsurge in industrial and housing carbon dioxide emissions.

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Section: Existed Asymmetric Relationshipsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Bhatti and Fazal (2021) found a positive relationship between energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Ahakwa et al (2023) examined the TO on environmental sustainability in BRI countries. The study explored that TO improved environmental sustainability.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Asymmetric Analysis of Renewable Energy in Mitigating Carbon Emissions in Pakistan

Asghar,

Amjad,

Rehman

2023

iRASD J. Eco.

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“…Furthermore, the consumption of goods and services is associated with higher production and industrialization. Production and industrialization are associated with more trade in goods and services, necessitating more fossil fuels, minerals, water, and land (Ahakwa et al, 2023). Higher consumption of natural resources and other inputs also causes environmental concerns (Yu et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussion On Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental sustainability in high‐income countries: Does natural resource protection, financial inclusion, and energy innovation matters?

Regmi,

Zhang,

Zhang

2024

Land Degrad Dev

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Environmental sustainability (ES) is critical for high‐income countries (HICs) because of their high ecological footprints. They are responsible for global environmental problems as they consume more natural resources, produce more output, and generate more greenhouse gases than other countries, which could have severe consequences for land degradation. In the context of resource conservation and land development policies, this study examined the impact of natural resource protection (i.e., land, water, and biodiversity), financial institution inclusion, financial market inclusion, and energy innovation (EI) on the enhancement of ES in 15 HICs from 1995 to 2020. The study applied Feasible GLS and Prais–Winsten regression to consider cross‐sectional dependence, autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and slope heterogeneity problems for unbiased and robust findings along with 2nd generation cointegration tests and the JKS Granger non‐causality test. Natural resource protection, financial institution inclusion, financial market inclusion, and EI have positive effects on ES, along with green energy and environmental regulations. It was also found that an increase in real income negatively impacts ES, as it increases the use of natural resources and energy and generates more waste and pollution which further accelerates land degradation. Cointegration and causality also exist between variables of interest. This shows that protecting natural resources, increasing financial inclusion, and EI can be successful strategies for fostering a green transition, reducing environmental impacts, and embracing more sustainable practices and laws to meet development goals and develop sustainable land use policies. This study suggests that HICs should protect land, water, and biodiversity, promote green financing, digital payments, EI, energy diversification, and environmental protection to achieve ES which is critically important to reduce land degradation.

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“…These variables are also intricately connected with specific Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outlined by the United Nations. Drawing insights from the research of [ 3 , 16 , 21 , 29 , 71 , 89 ], these variables play pivotal roles in advancing targeted SDGs. Trade openness contributes significantly to the realization of industry, innovation, and infrastructure (SDG 9) [ 123 ], while also facilitating partnerships essential for the attainment of overarching SDGs (SDG 17).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has long been recognized as a potent driver of economic growth in contemporary society [ 1 , 2 ]. However, in today's world, where sustainable development has emerged as a paramount global priority, the influence of FDI on this broader agenda remains an area of uncertainty and debate among scholars and policymakers [ 3 , 4 ]. Sustainable development represents a multifaceted socioeconomic and environmental path designed to safeguard the well-being of the present generation without jeopardizing the prospects of future generations [ [5] , [6] , [7] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking Africa's potential: The transformative power of foreign direct investment for sustainable development

Arthur,

Saha,

Sarpong

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Revisiting the impact of trade openness on environmental sustainability in Belt and Road countries: a heterogeneous panel approach

Cited by 18 publications

References 126 publications

An Asymmetric Analysis of Renewable Energy in Mitigating Carbon Emissions in Pakistan

An Asymmetric Analysis of Renewable Energy in Mitigating Carbon Emissions in Pakistan

Environmental sustainability in high‐income countries: Does natural resource protection, financial inclusion, and energy innovation matters?

Unlocking Africa's potential: The transformative power of foreign direct investment for sustainable development

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