RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mosquitocidal properties of Bacillus species isolated from mangroves of Vellar estuary, Southeast coast of India

Abstract

Samples collected from the mangroves of Vellar estuary yielded a mosquitocidal bacterium, whose secondary metabolites exhibited mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity. The bacterium was isolated using standard microbiological methods and identified using classical biochemical tests. The mosquitocidal bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus cereus. Mosquitocidal metabolite(s) was separated from the culture supernatant of the bacterium and its efficacy was against the larval and pupal stages of two different species of mosquitoes and determined in terms of LC 50 and LC 90 . Mosquito larvicidal activity in terms of LC 50 against Anopheleus stephensi and Aedes aegypti was 4.374 and 7.406 ll/ml and its pupicidal activity was 4.928 and 9.865 ll/ml, respectively. The present study proved that the mosquitocidal properties of the Bacillus species isolated from mangroves of Vellar estuary was evaluated as target species of mosquito vectors. This is an ideal eco-friendly approach for the vector control programs.

Larvicidal potency of marine actinobacteria isolated from mangrove environment against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi

“…Similar type of work has been reported by many workers using B. thuriengiensis (Balaraman et al 1979(Balaraman et al , 1983aManonmani and Balaraman 2001), B. sphaericus (Rajendran et al 1991;Balaraman 1995) , B. thuriengiensis (Prabhakaran et al 2000), B. subtilis, B. thuringiensis, B. sphaericus and B. cereus (Balakrishnan et al 2013), fungus Trichoderma viridae (Geetha and Balaraman 2001) and actinobacteria (Dhanasekaran et al 2010;Vijayakumar et al 2007). The insect mortality may be due to the secretion of bioactive materials of actinobacteria against Culex mosquito species.…”

“…Several varieties of microorganisms including fungi, actinomycetes, bacteria, viruses and nematodes that are antagonistic to insects have been reported as strategies to biologically control them. Balakrishnan et al (2013) extracted mosquitocidal Bacillus sp, whose extracellular metabolites exhibited mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity, from the mangroves of Parangipettai, southeast coast of India.…”

Taxonomic diversity of bacteria from mangrove sediments of Goa: metagenomic and functional analysis

“…The class Bacilli that has been previously reported from other mangrove sediments were significantly higher in Z than in M [17% and 6%; p value < 0.005] (Balakrishnan et al 2015;Mishra et al 2012). Acidobacteria-6 was also significantly higher (p value < 0.005) in Z (3.3%) than M (0.3%).…”

Discovery of Antimicrobial Lipodepsipeptides Produced by a Serratia sp. within Mosquito Microbiomes

“…However, our calculated concentration of 6 within mosquitoes is approximately ten times less than the IC 50 , thus suggesting that this inhibition could be physiologically relevant. Intriguingly, multiple Gram‐positive bacteria, including B. subtilis , Bacillus thuringiensis , Lysinibacillus sphaericus and Clostridium bifermentens , have been shown to be entomopathogenic . This suggests that the stephensiolides might aid A. stephensi mosquitoes in combating entomopathogenic bacteria, as well as rationalize the overwhelming presence of Gram‐negative bacteria over Gram‐positive bacteria within A. stephensi .…”