RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fluorescent labelling in living dental pulp stem cells by graphene oxide quantum dots

Abstract

Cellular labelling is possible to offer significant information after transplantation for the purpose of determining stem cell therapy's efficacy. According to the research, it has been reported that graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) are a kind of healthy biological labelling agent for stem cells which show little cytotoxicity. GOQDs' interactions have been examined on the dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) of human beings for the purpose of investigating GOQD's biocompatibility and uptake and explored GOQDs' effects on hDPSCs' metabolic activity and the proliferation. According to the outcomes, GDQDs have been accepted by hDPSCs in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent behaviour. Moreover, no important changes have been discovered within hDOPSCs' proliferation, viability as well as metabolic activity after treatment with GOQDs. Therefore, such resources have shown that GOQDs can be multifunctional agents for cell therapy, drug delivery as well as cell imaging and also as outstanding candidates for labelling stem cells.

Synthesis of graphene quantum dots and their applications in drug delivery

“…The strong fluorescence quenching effect of Fe 3+ on GQDs can be used for highly selective detection in general metal ions. GQDs is also sensitive to pH value (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), which shows that it has great potential for optical pH sensors. In addition, GQDs can be directly used as fluorescent probe for cell imaging due to its low cytotoxicity and high photostability.…”

“…In recent years, the applications of GQDs in drug delivery [123][124][125][126][127], sensors [128][129][130][131][132][133][134], bio-imaging [10,63,[135][136][137][138][139][140], magnetic hyperthermia [141][142][143], photothermal therapy [144][145][146][147][148], antibacterial [145,149,150], catalyst [69,[151][152][153][154][155], environmental protection [38,156,157], and energy [158][159][160][161][162][163] has made remarkable accomplishment. In order to better apply GQDs to drug delivery, some researchers had used density functional theory (DFT) calculations [164]…”

“…In recent years, the applications of GQDs in drug delivery [ 123 – 127 ], sensors [ 128 – 134 ], bio-imaging [ 10 , 63 , 135 – 140 ], magnetic hyperthermia [ 141 – 143 ], photothermal therapy [ 144 – 148 ], antibacterial [ 145 , 149 , 150 ], catalyst [ 69 , 151 – 155 ], environmental protection [ 38 , 156 , 157 ], and energy [ 158 – 163 ] has made remarkable accomplishment. In order to better apply GQDs to drug delivery, some researchers had used density functional theory (DFT) calculations [ 164 – 167 ], molecular dynamics (MD) simulations [ 168 , 169 ], or other methods [ 170 , 171 ] to theoretically study the properties of GQDs.…”

“…However, prior to designing GQDs into practical applications, their biocompatibility and toxicity are still the main concerns. Studies have shown that GQDs have good biocompatibility [ 8 – 10 ] and low biotoxicity [ 11 , 12 ]. Xie et al [ 13 ] studied the cytotoxicity and autophagy induction of three kinds of GQDs, including cGQDs (HOOC-GQDs), hGQDs (HO-GQDs), aGQDs (H 2 N-GQDs), using lung cancer A549 cells as models.…”