RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of catalpol on remyelination through experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis acting to promote Olig1 and Olig2 expressions in mice

Abstract

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) as an autoimmune disorder is a common disease occurring in central nervous system (CNS) and the remyelination plays a pivotal role in the alleviating neurological impairment in the MS. Catalpol, an effective component extracted from the Chinese herb Radix Rehmanniae, which has been proved protective in cerebral diseases.MethodsTo determine the protective effects and mechanisms of Catalpol on MS, the mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35–55, as a model for human MS. Th17 cells were counted by flow cytometric (FCM). The expressions of nerve-glial antigen (NG) 2 and myelin basic protein (MBP) were measured by immunohistochemical staining. Olig1+ and Olig2+/BrdU+ cells were counted by immunofluorescence. Olig1 and Olig2 gene expressions were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) -PCR.ResultsThe results showed that Catalpol improved neurological function, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination. It could decrease Th17 cells in the peripheral blood. It increased the protein expressions of NG2 and MBP in mice brains, up-regulated markedly protein and gene expressions of Olig1 and Olig2 in terms of timing, site and targets.ConclusionsThese data demonstrated that Catalpol had a strong neuroprotective effect on EAE mice. Catalpol also plays a role in remyelination by promoting the expressions of Olig1 and Olig2 transcription factors.

Bu-Shen-Yi-Sui Capsule, an Herbal Medicine Formula, Promotes Remyelination by Modulating the Molecular Signals via Exosomes in Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

“…In vitro, BSYSC-containing serum also increased the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of OPCs, suggesting that BSYSC promotes remyelination. In previous in vivo and in vitro studies, BSYSC has been shown to be able to upregulate myelin-related molecules, such as Olig1, Olig2/Brdu, PDGFR α , and CNPase in the brain tissue of EAE mice [ 26 , 29 ]. Catalpol, the active ingredient of Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang) in BSYSC, regulates the transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 in OPCs [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Catalpol and Harpagide in Small Volume Rat Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study

“…Catalpol and harpagide are two characteristic iridoid glycosides extensively investigated in Zeng Ye Decoction. Catalpol is now expanding rapidly and making its way to the forefront of anti-diabetic [2] [3] [4], anti-inflammatory [5] [6] [7] and neuroprotective research [8] [9] [10] [11]. Harpagide has also presented anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic and antibacterial activities [12] [13] [14].…”

Radix Rehmanniae Extract Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing Macrophage-Derived Nitrative Damage

“…Total 24 compounds were identified. Particularly, Catalpol showed to ameliorate pathological process of EAE mice (Yang et al, 2017 ; Li et al, 2018 ). Thus, we quantitatively detected the content of Catalpol as mark compound for quality control.…”

“…Catalpol attenuated cognitive impairment and protected hippocampal CA1 region neuronal cell death from oxidative/nitrative injury (Li et al, 2004 , 2005 ). Catalpol treatment ameliorated the pathogenesis of EAE (Yang et al, 2017 ; Li et al, 2018 ). Thus, we used Catalpol as bioactive mark compound for the quality control of the RR extract.…”