[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Differential expression of CC chemokines (CCLs) and receptors (CCRs) by human T lymphocytes in response to different Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes

Abstract

In Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, different serotypes have been described based on LPS antigenicity. Recently, our research group has reported a differential immunogenicity when T lymphocytes were stimulated with these different serotypes. In particular, it was demonstrated that the serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans has a stronger capacity to trigger Th1- and Th17-type cytokine production. Objective This study aimed to quantify the expression of different CC chemokines (CCLs) and receptors (CCRs) in T lymphocytes stimulated with the different A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. In addition, the expression of the transcription factors T-bet, GATA-3, RORC2, and Foxp3, master-switch genes implied in the Th1, Th2, Th17, and T-regulatory differentiation, respectively, was analyzed in order to determine T-cell phenotype-specific patterns of CCL and CCR expression upon A. actinomycetemcomitans stimulation.Material and Methods Human naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes were obtained from healthy subjects and stimulated with autologous dendritic cells primed with the different A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. The expression levels for the chemokines CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL11, CCL17, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, and CCL28, as well as the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10 were quantified by qPCR. Similarly, the expression levels for the transcription factors T-bet, GATA-3, RORC2, and Foxp3 were quantified and correlated with the CCL and CCR expression levels.Results Higher expression levels of CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL20, CCL21, CCL28, CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, and CCR9 were detected in T lymphocytes stimulated with the serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans compared with the other serotypes. In addition, these higher expression levels of CCLs and CCRs positively correlated with the increased levels of T-bet and RORC2 when T lymphocytes were stimulated with the serotype b.Conclusion A T-lymphocyte response biased towards a Th1- and Th17-pattern of CCL and CCR expression was detected under stimulation with the serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Pulsed high-dose dexamethasone modulates Th1-/Th2-chemokine imbalance in immune thrombocytopenia

“…CCL5 is a CC chemokine that activates cells by binding to Th1-associated CCR1 and CCR5 [31]. CCL5/CCR5 interaction has been reported in a number of Th1-associated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis [32], human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection [33], Crohn’s disease [7], and oral lichen planus [8].…”

Alveolar bone resorption and Th1/Th17‐associated immune response triggered during Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans‐induced experimental periodontitis are serotype‐dependent

“…The A. actinomycetemcomitans strains ATCC 43717 (serotype a ), ATCC 43718 (serotype b ), and ATCC 43719 (serotype c ) were cultured as previously described . Periodontal infections were induced using either whole bacteria or its purified LPS.…”

“…The A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes differ in their ability to induce response in host immune cells; in particular, the serotype b has shown a higher immunogenicity in macrophages, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes when compared with the other serotypes . In fact, the serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans , when exposed to T lymphocytes, induced significantly higher levels of T‐helper (Th)1‐ and Th17‐related cytokines, CC‐chemokines, and CC‐chemokine receptors when compared with the others, thus inducing a pattern of immune response associated with the proinflammatory and destructive events characteristic of periodontitis .…”

“…The A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes differ in their ability to induce response in host immune cells; in particular, the serotype b has shown a higher immunogenicity in macrophages, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes when compared with the other serotypes . In fact, the serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans , when exposed to T lymphocytes, induced significantly higher levels of T‐helper (Th)1‐ and Th17‐related cytokines, CC‐chemokines, and CC‐chemokine receptors when compared with the others, thus inducing a pattern of immune response associated with the proinflammatory and destructive events characteristic of periodontitis . In addition, T lymphocytes stimulated by serotype b ‐primed dendritic cells, when compared with the same cells stimulated with the other serotypes, elicited higher levels of the pro‐bone‐resorptive factor termed receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL), and these increased RANKL levels were associated with greater in vitro osteoclast activation and bone resorption .…”

The role of chemokine receptor 9/chemokine ligand 25 signaling: From immune cells to cancer cells (Review)

“…CCR9 + T cells were recruited to inflammatory bowel disease lesions, and were revealed to be associated with disease activity ( 10 ). Similarly, during Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b infection, CCR9 expression was increased in T cells ( 11 ).…”