Retracted Article: Application of 3D printing technology in orthopedic medical implant - Spinal surgery as an example

Abstract

Additive manufacturing has been used in complex spinal surgical planning since the 1990s and is now increasingly utilized to produce surgical guides, templates, and more recently customized implants. Surgeons report beneficial impacts using additively manufactured biomodels as pre-operative planning aids as it generally provides a better representation of the patient’s anatomy than on-screen viewing of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, it has proven to be very beneficial in surgical training and in explaining complex deformity and surgical plans to patients/ parents. This paper reviews the historical perspective, current use, and future directions in using additive manufacturing in complex spinal surgery cases. This review reflects the authors’ opinion of where the field is moving in light of the current literature. Despite the reported benefits of additive manufacturing for surgical planning in recent years, it remains a high niche market. This review raises the question as to why the use of this technology has not progressed more rapidly despite the reported advantages – decreased operating time, decreased radiation exposure to patients intraoperatively, improved overall surgical outcomes, pre-operative implant selection, as well as being an excellent communication aid for all medical and surgical team members. Increasingly, the greatest benefits of additive manufacturing technology in spinal surgery are customdesigned drill guides, templates for pedicle screw placement, and customized patient-specific implants. In view of these applications, additive manufacturing technology could potentially revolutionize health care in the near future.

Effects of Steam Heat and Dry Heat Sterilization Processes on 3D Printed Commercial Polymers Printed by Fused Deposition Modeling

“…The degradation of amorphous regions proceeded more rapidly in the bulk of the material than at the surface of the specimens [34]. The degradation produces the crystallization of PLA [6], as demonstrated an absorption band that appeared at 922 cm −1 , which corresponds to a crystalline phase of PLA [35] as well as the reduction in the intensity of the band at 956 cm −1 , associated with the decreased amorphous fraction of PLA, which is consistent with the results reported in the literature [36]. The degradation of PLA leads to the cleavage of the polymeric chains, since the external water attacks the ester group (-C=O) and decomposes it into terminal carboxylic acid (-COOH) and alcohol (-OH) residues [37,38].…”

“…Several polymers (polylactic acid (PLA) [ 4 ], poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) [ 5 ], etc.) can be processed into 3D printing materials and are further used for medical applications such as tissue engineering, wound handling, drug supply orthopedic devices, surgical devices, and operating guides [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Nevertheless, the promise of 3D printing is based on custom products that are made to order in unique configurations (e.g., dental and/or medical devices, and low-turnover replacements parts) [ 2 ].…”

Rapid Materialization of a Small Series of Bone Structure Replications From a Digitalized Model, Created by Computer Tomography

“…The use of 3D modeling and rapid prototyping (RP) or additive manufacturing has been increasingly used in complex surgical pre-operative planning, as these techniques can accurately reproduce the anatomic details of highly complex deformities that could be missed or misinterpreted with standard imaging modalities (Zhang, 2019). There is also another type of technique which could beneficially be used in some clinical cases considering the manufacturing cost, material cost and complexity of the modelreplication of silicon mold.…”

“…Example of a cage type implant is shown in Figure 1 (MedTech, n.d.). Spine surgeons engage in complex and innovative surgical procedures to stabilize and improve injuryrelated spinal deformities (Zhang, 2019). The advantages of having a 3D model is that it allows for a detailed perception of human anatomy and it can be used as a tool for planning surgical procedures with computer-assisted navigation systems (Matsubara, 2008).…”

Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of 3D Printing technology assisted surgery combined with early postoperative comprehensive rehabilitation in the treatment of Senile Intertrochanteric Fractures

“…6 Establishing a 3D model of the spine for patients with spinal deformity before surgery can help reduce the operation time, reduce the radiation exposure to the patient during the operation, and improve the overall surgical outcome. 7 The concept of early postoperative comprehensive rehabilitation exerts its unique role in reducing the psychological and physiological stress trauma of patients, and significantly promoting the recovery of motor function and rehabilitation quality of patients. 8 This study aims to explore the application value of 3D printing technology combined with early comprehensive rehabilitation treatment for elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture surgery.…”