RETRACTED AND REPLACED: Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hannum, Mackenzie E; Koch, Riley J; Ramirez, Vicente A; Marks, Sarah S; Toskala, Aurora K; Herriman, Riley D; Lin, Cailu; Joseph, Paule V.; Reed, Danielle R.

doi:10.1093/chemse/bjac001

Cited by 51 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 285 publications

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“…Taste disorders, including complete (ageusia) and partial (hypogeusia) loss of taste and disturbed taste (dysgeusia) had been among the most reported oral AEs following COVID-19 vaccination per our analysis. Taste dysfunction was depicted as one of the characteristic symptoms of COVID-19 infection due to its high prevalence, estimated to be 39.2% (CI 95%: 35.34-43.12%) according to latest meta-analyses (12)(13)(14). Therefore, public health authorities had broadly used taste dysfunction in case finding protocols and triage recommendations (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of VAERS Reports

Riad

Põld

Kateeb

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundOral adverse events (AEs) following COVID-19 vaccination have been sporadically reported during the previous months, warranting further investigation for their prevalence and suspected relationship with vaccine-elicited immune response.MethodsA retrospective analysis using the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) data was conducted to evaluate AEs within the oral cavity (mucosa, tongue, lips, palate, dentition, salivary glands) and AEs involving taste and other sensations. Oral AEs reported after receiving COVID-19 vaccination (test group) and seasonal influenza vaccination (control group) were extracted and cross-tabulated to assess their relative prevalence.ResultsAmong the 128 solicited (suspected) oral AEs, oral paresthesia (0.872%) was most reported after receiving COVID-19 vaccines, followed by the swelling of lips (0.844%), ageusia (0.722%), oral hypoesthesia (0.648%), swollen tongue (0.628%), and dysgeusia (0.617%). The reported prevalence of oral AEs was higher in the COVID-19 vaccine group than in the seasonal influenza group. The distribution pattern of the most reported oral AEs was similar for both COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines. Female sex, older age (>39 years old), primer doses, and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines exhibited a higher reported prevalence of oral AEs.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, COVID-19 vaccines were found to be associated with rare oral AEs that are predominantly similar to those emerging following seasonal influenza vaccines. The most commonly reported oral AEs were oral paraesthesia (mouth-tingling), lip swelling, and ageusia, representing various pathophysiologic pathways that remain unclear. Taste-related AEs should be acknowledged in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the public should be adequately informed about a potential taste dysfunction after receiving the COVID-19 vaccination. Dentists and dental teams need to be aware of the prevalence, severity, and prognosis of oral AEs to inform their patients and increase public confidence in vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of VAERS Reports

Riad

Põld

Kateeb

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Self-reported taste changes were shown to be successful predictors of COVID-19 status for pre-omicron variants [15, 18]. In terms of psychophysical tests, screening with taste solutions and “taste strips” (taste-impregnated filter paper) were suggested to be useful methods to identify COVID-19-related taste loss [7, 19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective assessment and taste strips testing of gustatory function, at home, and in the lab

Green

Wolf

Oleszkiewicz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Gustatory ability is an important marker of health status, including COVID-19 disease. We compare self-reporting with home and lab psychophysical "taste strips" tests in healthy subjects. The taste test consisted of paper strips impregnated with sweet, bitter, salty, or sour tastants, and with the trigeminal stimulus capsaicin, each in high and in low concentration. The test was carried out either in a controlled lab environment (74 participants, 47 women) with the strips being administered by the experimenter or self-administered by the participants at home (77 participants, 59 women). After self-reporting their subjective assessment of chemosensory ability, the participant identified the taste of each strip and rated intensity and pleasantness. Identification score, intensity, and pleasantness averaged over the 8 taste strips were similar between the lab and the home-administered tests. Self-rated taste ability did not correlate with any of these scores, but strongly correlated with self-rated smell ability in the lab group (r=0.73), and moderately correlated in the home group (r=0.51). Taste identification correlated with intensity ratings (r=0.63 lab, r=0.36 home) but not with the pleasantness ratings (r=-0.14 lab, r=0.1 home). The results of the taste strips test were similar in the lab and at home for healthy young participants and provide a baseline against which taste tests can be compared in future applications.

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“…Most COVID‐19 patients suffer from sensory dysfunction (anosmia), which starts with their sense of smell, but because the smell is necessary to taste the flavor, the symptoms are often connected (Hannum et al, 2021). Since ACE2 receptors are not found in the olfactory nerves and taste buds, the high incidence of anosmia and ageusia caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is without directly infecting these cell types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of human‐induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived lung lineage cells evokes inflammatory and chemosensory responses by targeting mitochondrial pathways

Surendran¹,

Kumar

Narasimhaiah³

et al. 2022

Journal Cellular Physiology

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The COVID‐19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) primarily affects the lung, particularly the proximal airway and distal alveolar cells. NKX2.1+ primordial lung progenitors of the foregut (anterior) endoderm are the developmental precursors to all adult lung epithelial lineages and are postulated to play an important role in viral tropism. Here, we show that SARS‐CoV‐2 readily infected and replicated in human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived proximal airway cells, distal alveolar cells, and lung progenitors. In addition to the upregulation of antiviral defense and immune responses, transcriptomics data uncovered a robust epithelial cell‐specific response, including perturbation of metabolic processes and disruption in the alveolar maturation program. We also identified spatiotemporal dysregulation of mitochondrial heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), which is associated with defense against antioxidant‐induced lung injury. Cytokines, such as TNF‐α, INF‐γ, IL‐6, and IL‐13, were upregulated in infected cells sparking mitochondrial ROS production and change in electron transport chain complexes. Increased mitochondrial ROS then activated additional proinflammatory cytokines leading to an aberrant cell cycle resulting in apoptosis. Notably, we are the first to report a chemosensory response resulting from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection similar to that seen in COVID‐19 patients. Some of our key findings were validated using COVID‐19‐affected postmortem lung tissue sections. These results suggest that our in vitro system could serve as a suitable model to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and to discover and test therapeutic drugs against COVID‐19 or its consequences.

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RETRACTED AND REPLACED: Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 51 publications

References 285 publications

Oral Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of VAERS Reports

Oral Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of VAERS Reports

Subjective assessment and taste strips testing of gustatory function, at home, and in the lab

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of human‐induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived lung lineage cells evokes inflammatory and chemosensory responses by targeting mitochondrial pathways

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