Retracted: An original approach to the biological impact of the low frequency electromagnetic fields and proofed means of mitigation

Florea, George A.; Dinca, Ancu; Gal, S.

doi:10.1109/ptc.2009.5282132

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This matter increases the investigations about the health effects of electromagnetic fields near the transmission lines. For example, exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) at power frequency (50/60 Hz) may increase the risk of many diseases [1,2], due to the currents induced in the human tissues, and the strength of these induced currents depends on the intensity of the outside magnetic field [3]. According to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 50 or 60 Hz magnetic fields have been classified in the list of "possibly carcinogenic" agents [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arranging Overhead Power Transmission Line Conductors Using Swarm Intelligence Technique to Minimize Electromagnetic Fields

Hassouna

2010

PIER B

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Abstract-Although there is no certain known mechanism of how the electromagnetic fields (EMFs) at power frequency (50/60 Hz) can affect human health, it has been epidemiologically shown that they have many hazards on human health. Also the power frequency fields may interfere with the nearby electrical and electronic equipment. In response to the precautionary principle, it might be needed in some situations to reduce the magnetic and electric fields of a high voltage line segment when it passes in close proximity to a populated area or may interfere with sensitive equipment. In other words, new arrangements of high voltage "green lines" are needed. This paper introduces a numerical solution based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique, to reduce both magnetic and electric fields of high voltage overhead transmission line by rearranging the conductors. The horizontal, vertical, and triangular configurations of both single circuit and double circuit transmission lines were investigated. The examples presented in this paper show that the rearranged line configurations can introduce up to 81% reduction in magnetic field and up to 84% in electric field when the effects of ice and wind are considered, and up to 97% reduction in both magnetic and electric fields when these effects are neglected. A comparison is made between the cost of reducing EMFs of a line segment in a suburban area in Amman in Jordan, and the cost of not-reducing EMFs, where it is found that the cost of reducing the fields is outweighed by the "possible health costs" otherwise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arranging Overhead Power Transmission Line Conductors Using Swarm Intelligence Technique to Minimize Electromagnetic Fields

Hassouna

2010

PIER B

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“…Also, harmful effects may appear on animals if they are exposed to these fields [2]. The possible negative effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the living creatures are related to the induced electric currents in their tissues, due to the interfering magnetic field [3]. Also, functional problems may occur in electrical devices due to the interfering electromagnetic fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, conductive shields are not effective for reducing the magnetic field at power frequencies [10,11]. Personal safety devices is another means to reduce low frequency electromagnetic fields [3]. Unfortunately, these devices represent extra cost and some of them were not tested if they are safe for human's health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ant Lion Optimization to Minimize Emissions of Power Transmission Lines

Al Salameh,

Alnemrawi

2022

PIER M

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In this paper, the best arrangement of overhead transmission line conductors is determined via the ant lion optimization (ALO), to minimize the emitted electric and magnetic fields. Computed electric and magnetic fields are compared with measured data in order to confirm the validity and usefulness of the formulation. ALO algorithm is applied to optimize both single and double circuit transmission lines. The two cases of spacing between line conductors are considered, namely, taking into account the effects of ice and wind, and neglecting the effects of ice and wind. IEC-71 standards are followed for the spacings in both cases. A MATLAB computer code based on ALO algorithm is written for finding the positions of line conductors that will minimize field emissions. Significant reduction of the fields is observed owing to the new optimized positions of conductors. The optimized results of ALO are compared with previous results obtained by genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper that applies ALO to organize highvoltage line conductors. To demonstrate the financial applicability of the solution, comparison is held between the cost of rearranging transmission line conductors and the cost of non-reducing the fields, based on a survey for people living near high voltage line in the populated city of Irbid in Jordan. Although the operating frequency for the examples in this paper is 50 Hz, the algorithm can be used for other power frequencies such as 60 Hz. The solutions are 2D, where infinite line length is assumed. Also, the algorithm uses the recommended exposure limits of 0.4 µT for the magnetic field and 5 kV/m for the electric field.

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“…In particular, because power facilities generally deal with high-voltage-alternating current (AC) transmission,the extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic field generated by them is one of the main subjects of study [1]. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified the carcinogenicity of ELF as Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) in investigations into the causes of cancer [2]- [7]. International Commission on non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) establishes exposure limits for ELF magnetic fields [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Shielding Metrics-Based Shielding Configuration Guideline for ELF Magnetic Field Mitigation

Kim¹,

Kim

Park

2022

IEEE Access

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This paper presents a simple guideline for configuration of the shielding materials that mitigates the extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields generated by power facilities located close to our daily life activities. Generally, materials with high permeability and conductivity are used to mitigate the magnetic field; however, in the current source region, before passing through the shielding material, the magnetic field may be increased by the configuration of the shielding material. To assess the effect of the shielding configuration in the current source and shielding regions, metrics are newly introduced, which were obtained based on the analytical solution for infinite width shields. In addition, the analytical solution of the shielding pipe wrapping a current source was deduced by solving the cylindrical Helmholtz equation. The shielding pipe is an important factor that can bring about changes in the metrics introduced in this study. The simple shielding guidelines suggested from these analyses help determine strategies for designing shields that can mitigate the magnetic field in both the current source and shielding regions. INDEX TERMSExtremely low frequency magnetic field, Magnetic field mitigation, Magnetic field shielding, Power facilities

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Retracted: An original approach to the biological impact of the low frequency electromagnetic fields and proofed means of mitigation

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Arranging Overhead Power Transmission Line Conductors Using Swarm Intelligence Technique to Minimize Electromagnetic Fields

Arranging Overhead Power Transmission Line Conductors Using Swarm Intelligence Technique to Minimize Electromagnetic Fields

Ant Lion Optimization to Minimize Emissions of Power Transmission Lines

Analytical Shielding Metrics-Based Shielding Configuration Guideline for ELF Magnetic Field Mitigation

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