[Retracted] A Study of the Political Culture of the Ming and Qing Agribusiness Societies under the Imperial Environment

Abstract

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, while the social life, economic structure, and even cultural atmosphere underwent profound changes, the dominant aspect of political culture was still deduced along the traditional track of the imperial system. The prominent characteristics of China's social form in the Ming and Qing dynasties are the development of the commercial economy and the enhancement of social freedom; the developed trend of common people’s culture; and the sustainable development of the centralized monarch-bureaucratic-aristocratic system, which constitute a self-consistent pattern. This paper on the political culture of political spirit, political value, political thought, the four dimensions, the specific period, specific social community, public power setting and operation, and the perspective of the Ming and Qing social form of political culture, this study helps people to the imperial environment of Ming and Qing rural political culture and understanding and exploration.

Retracted: A Study of the Political Culture of the Ming and Qing Agribusiness Societies under the Imperial Environment

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”

“…Tis article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. Tis investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”