RETRACTED: A Self-Produced Trigger for Biofilm Disassembly that Targets Exopolysaccharide

Kolodkin‐Gal, Ilana; Cao, Shugeng; Chai, Liraz; Böttcher, Thomas; Kolter, Roberto; Clardy, Jon; Losick, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.055

Cited by 146 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Bacteria secret D-amino acids for biofilm disassembly (for self-control over growth). Bacillus subtilis produces an additional disassembly factor: the norspermidine polyamine, which together with D-amino acids breaks down existing biofilms (17). These findings might explain the results reported by McGrath et al (4) regarding the potential of D (KLAKLAK) 2 AMP against biofilm.…”

Section: Back To Bacteria: Targeting the Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The remarkable mechanical and chemical properties of biofilms are attributable to a subpopulation secreting an extracellular matrix, typically consisting of various proteins, exopolysaccharide, and fragments of DNA (17). Much effort has been invested in combating biofilm contamination in industrial settings, agriculture, and health.…”

Section: Back To Bacteria: Targeting the Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Learning from cancer how to defeat bacteria

Onuchic¹,

Jennings²,

Ben‐Jacob³

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Section: Back To Bacteria: Targeting the Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Back To Bacteria: Targeting the Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning from cancer how to defeat bacteria

Onuchic¹,

Jennings²,

Ben‐Jacob³

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The cells were grown under conditions (Luria-Bertani [LB] medium) that normally do not support biofilm formation. The results show that EpsB was highly phosphorylated and that the addition of EPS that had been extracted and purified from biofilms formed by wild-type cells (Kolodkin-Gal et al 2012) prevented autophosphorylation (Fig. 4A) and did so in a dose-dependent manner that decreased with increasing concentrations of EPS (Fig.…”

Section: Purified Eps Stimulates Kinase Activitymentioning

confidence: 91%

Self-regulation of exopolysaccharide production in Bacillus subtilis by a tyrosine kinase

2014

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We report that the Bacillus subtilis exopolysaccharide (EPS) is a signaling molecule that controls its own production. EPS synthesis depends on a tyrosine kinase that consists of a membrane component (EpsA) and a kinase component (EpsB). EPS interacts with the extracellular domain of EpsA, which is a receptor, to control kinase activity. In the absence of EPS, the kinase is inactivated by autophosphorylation. The presence of EPS inhibits autophosphorylation and instead promotes the phosphorylation of a glycosyltransferase in the biosynthetic pathway, thereby stimulating the production of EPS. Thus, EPS production is subject to a positive feedback loop that ties its synthesis to its own concentration. Tyrosine kinase-mediated self-regulation could be a widespread feature of the control of exopolysaccharide production in bacteria.

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“…Staining with concanavalin A The procedure was adapted from Kolodkin-Gal et al (2012). Biofilms were rinsed with 200 ml of 1 Â phosphate-buffered saline buffer and stained with 50 ml Concanavalin A labelled with AlexaFluor 488 (100 mg ml À 1 ) for 40 min at room temparature in the dark.…”

Section: Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-feeding and interkingdom communication in dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans

et al. 2014

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Polymicrobial biofilms are of large medical importance, but relatively little is known about the role of interspecies interactions for their physiology and virulence. Here, we studied two human pathogens co-occuring in the oral cavity, the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans and the caries-promoting bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Dual-species biofilms reached higher biomass and cell numbers than mono-species biofilms, and the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) by S. mutans was strongly suppressed, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and transcriptome analysis. To detect interkingdom communication, C. albicans was co-cultivated with a strain of S. mutans carrying a transcriptional fusion between a green fluorescent protein-encoding gene and the promoter for sigX, the alternative sigma factor of S. mutans, which is induced by quorum sensing signals. Strong induction of sigX was observed in dual-species biofilms, but not in single-species biofilms. Conditioned media from mixed biofilms but not from C. albicans or S. mutans cultivated alone activated sigX in the reporter strain. Deletion of comS encoding the synthesis of the sigX-inducing peptide precursor abolished this activity, whereas deletion of comC encoding the competence-stimulating peptide precursor had no effect. Transcriptome analysis of S. mutans confirmed induction of comS, sigX, bacteriocins and the downstream late competence genes, including fratricins, in dual-species biofilms. We show here for the first time the stimulation of the complete quorum sensing system of S. mutans by a species from another kingdom, namely the fungus C. albicans, resulting in fundamentally changed virulence properties of the caries pathogen.

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RETRACTED: A Self-Produced Trigger for Biofilm Disassembly that Targets Exopolysaccharide

Cited by 146 publications

References 35 publications

Learning from cancer how to defeat bacteria

Learning from cancer how to defeat bacteria

Self-regulation of exopolysaccharide production in Bacillus subtilis by a tyrosine kinase

Cross-feeding and interkingdom communication in dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans

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