[Retracted] 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid‐Based Photodynamic Therapy Pretreatment Mitigates Ultraviolet A‐Induced Oxidative Photodamage

Abstract

Aim To determine whether 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is effective in combating ultraviolet A- (UVA-) induced oxidative photodamage of hairless mice skin in vivo and human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro. Methods In in vitro experiments, the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells) was divided into two groups: the experimental group was treated with ALA-PDT and the control group was left untreated. Then, the experimental group and the control group of cells were exposed to 10 J/m2 of UVA radiation. ROS, O2− species, and MMP were determined by fluorescence microscopy; p53, OGG1, and XPC were determined by Western blot analysis; apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry; and 8-oxo-dG was determined by immunofluorescence. Moreover, HaCaT cells were also treated with ALA-PDT. Then, SOD1 and SOD2 were examined by Western blot analysis. In in vivo experiments, the dorsal skin of hairless mice was treated with ALA-PDT or saline-PDT, and then, they were exposed to 20 J/m2 UVA light. The compound 8-oxo-dG was detected by immunofluorescence. Conclusion In human epidermal keratinocytes and hairless mice skin, UVA-induced oxidative damage can be prevented effectively with ALA-PDT pretreatment.

Photodynamic therapy combined with antifungal drugs against chromoblastomycosis and the effect of ALA-PDT on Fonsecaea in vitro

“…Also, for the ROS production in Fig 4 there was no different between drug and ALA-PDT and ALA-PDT alone. The reason for this may be itraconazole induce changes in the cell membrane and change the thickness of cell wall of fungi [25, 27], ALA-PDT can inhibit fungi by producing a large number of ROS [28, 29]. Of course, in addition to these pathways, antifungal drugs and ALA-PDT may have other antifungal mechanisms.…”

Retracted: 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy Pretreatment Mitigates Ultraviolet A-Induced Oxidative Photodamage

“…Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity has retracted the article titled “5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy Pretreatment Mitigates Ultraviolet A-Induced Oxidative Photodamage” [ 1 ]. After concerns were raised on PubPeer the article was found to contain duplicated images, where part of the second image (ALA-PDT-UVA) in Figure 1c is the same as the third image (ALA-PDT-UVA) in Figure 2a.…”