Retirement intentions of general practitioners aged 45–65 years

Brett, Tom; Arnold-Reed, Diane; Hince, Dana; Wood, Ian K; Moorhead, Robert

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02804.x

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…In turn, they also found significant positive relationships between job satisfaction and intentions to leave direct patient care as well as the intention to decrease work hours. The link between satisfaction and intent to leave direct patient care has also been reported by Sibbald et al [21] and Brett et al [22]. In their study of physicians, Zhang and Feng [15] observed a significant inverse relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 61%

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An estimate of the cost of burnout on early retirement and reduction in clinical hours of practicing physicians in Canada

Dewa

Jacobs

Thanh

et al. 2014

BMC Health Serv Res

255

178

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BackgroundInterest in the impact of burnout on physicians has been growing because of the possible burden this may have on health care systems. The objective of this study is to estimate the cost of burnout on early retirement and reduction in clinical hours of practicing physicians in Canada.MethodsUsing an economic model, the costs related to early retirement and reduction in clinical hours of physicians were compared for those who were experiencing burnout against a scenario in which they did not experience burnout. The January 2012 Canadian Medical Association Masterfile was used to determine the number of practicing physicians. Transition probabilities were estimated using 2007–2008 Canadian Physician Health Survey and 2007 National Physician Survey data. Adjustments were also applied to outcome estimates based on ratio of actual to planned retirement and reduction in clinical hours.ResultsThe total cost of burnout for all physicians practicing in Canada is estimated to be $213.1 million ($185.2 million due to early retirement and $27.9 million due to reduced clinical hours). Family physicians accounted for 58.8% of the burnout costs, followed by surgeons for 24.6% and other specialists for 16.6%.ConclusionThe cost of burnout associated with early retirement and reduction in clinical hours is substantial and a significant proportion of practicing physicians experience symptoms of burnout. As health systems struggle with human resource shortages and expanding waiting times, this estimate sheds light on the extent to which the burden could be potentially decreased through prevention and promotion activities to address burnout among physicians.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The literature suggests that it is significantly related to early retirement or intent to leave [15,22,23,30]. There is evidence that CYN also has a significant association with early retirement [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An estimate of the cost of burnout on early retirement and reduction in clinical hours of practicing physicians in Canada

Dewa

Jacobs

Thanh

et al. 2014

BMC Health Serv Res

255

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The decision to retire early was also linked to preserving one’s health to lead a healthy retirement [51, 52]. Financial issues contributing to a physician’s early retirement included: increasing costs of retaining a practice, malpractice costs, and other economic pressures [5, 25, 37, 39, 47, 52], insufficient financial remuneration, and pension security [7, 46, 52, 53].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of physician retirement planning

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPhysician retirement planning and timing have important implications for patients, hospitals, and healthcare systems. Unplanned early or late physician retirement can have dire consequences in terms of both patient safety and human resource allocations. This systematic review examined existing evidence on the timing and process of retirement of physicians. Four questions were addressed: (1) When do physicians retire? (2) Why do some physicians retire early? (3) Why do some physicians delay their retirement? (4) What strategies facilitate physician retention and/or retirement planning?MethodsEnglish-language studies were searched in electronic databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, AgeLine, Embase, HealthSTAR, ASSA, and PsycINFO, from inception up to and including March 2016. Included studies were peer-reviewed primary journal articles with quantitative and/or qualitative analyses of physicians’ plans for, and opinions about, retirement. Three reviewers independently assessed each study for methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quantitative studies and Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies, and a fourth reviewer resolved inconsistencies.ResultsIn all, 65 studies were included and analyzed, of which the majority were cross-sectional in design. Qualitative studies were found to be methodologically strong, with credible results deemed relevant to practice. The majority of quantitative studies had adequate sample representativeness, had justified and satisfactory sample size, used appropriate statistical tests, and collected primary data by self-reported survey methods.Physicians commonly reported retiring between 60 and 69 years of age. Excessive workload and burnout were frequently cited reasons for early retirement. Ongoing financial obligations delayed retirement, while strategies to mitigate career dissatisfaction, workplace frustration, and workload pressure supported continuing practice.ConclusionsKnowledge of when physicians plan to retire and how they can transition out of practice has been shown to aid succession planning. Healthcare organizations might consider promoting retirement mentorship programs, resource toolkits, education sessions, and guidance around financial planning for physicians throughout their careers, as well as creating post-retirement opportunities that maintain institutional ties through teaching, mentoring, and peer support.

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“…Patterns of retirement (or practice leave) were examined in four of the included studies [37-40], and results are mixed. French et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their study of Australian physicians, Brett et al . report that male PCPs were more likely to intend to retire before age 65: 75% of women compared with 59% of men reported that they intended to work to normal retirement age (rather than retiring early) [37]. In their survey of physicians who had recently left practice, however, Leese et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The implications of the feminization of the primary care physician workforce on service supply: a systematic review

et al. 2014

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There is a widespread perception that the increasing proportion of female physicians in most developed countries is contributing to a primary care service shortage because females work less and provide less patient care compared with their male counterparts. There has, however, been no comprehensive investigation of the effects of primary care physician (PCP) workforce feminization on service supply. We undertook a systematic review to examine the current evidence that quantifies the effect of feminization on time spent working, intensity and scope of work, and practice characteristics. We searched Medline, Embase, and Web of Science from 1991 to 2013 using variations of the terms ‘primary care’, ‘women’, ‘manpower’, and ‘supply and distribution’; screened the abstracts of all articles; and entered those meeting our inclusion criteria into a data abstraction tool. Original research comparing male to female PCPs on measures of years of practice, time spent working, intensity of work, scope of work, or practice characteristics was included. We screened 1,271 unique abstracts and selected 74 studies for full-text review. Of these, 34 met the inclusion criteria. Years of practice, hours of work, intensity of work, scope of work, and practice characteristics featured in 12%, 53%, 42%, 50%, and 21% of studies respectively. Female PCPs self-report fewer hours of work than male PCPs, have fewer patient encounters, and deliver fewer services, but spend longer with their patients during a contact and deal with more separate presenting problems in one visit. They write fewer prescriptions but refer to diagnostic services and specialist physicians more often. The studies included in this review suggest that the feminization of the workforce is likely to have a small negative impact on the availability of primary health care services, and that the drivers of observed differences between male and female PCPs are complex and nuanced. The true scale of the impact of these findings on future effective physician supply is difficult to determine with currently available evidence, given that few studies looked at trends over time, and results from those that did are inconsistent. Additional research examining gender differences in practice patterns and scope of work is warranted.

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Retirement intentions of general practitioners aged 45–65 years

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

An estimate of the cost of burnout on early retirement and reduction in clinical hours of practicing physicians in Canada

An estimate of the cost of burnout on early retirement and reduction in clinical hours of practicing physicians in Canada

A systematic review of physician retirement planning

The implications of the feminization of the primary care physician workforce on service supply: a systematic review

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