Retinopathy in Diabetes

Tarr, Joanna M.; Kaul, Kirti; Wolanska, Katarzyna; Kohner, Eva M.; Chibber, Rakesh

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5441-0_10

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Hyperglycemia or high blood glucose (126 mg/dl when fasting or 200 mg/dl 2 hours after meals) may cause damage to peripheral nerves as well as to cells of the renal and cardiovascular systems [2–4]. Diabetes is associated with increased risk for glaucoma, cataract, and retinopathy and is considered the leading cause of blindness among adults [5]. Long-term diabetes leads to retinal edema [6–8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldose reductase inhibition alleviates hyperglycemic effects on human retinal pigment epithelial cells

Chang

Snow

LaBarbera

et al. 2015

Chemico-Biological Interactions

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Chronic hyperglycemia is an important risk factor involved in the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Among other effectors, aldose reductase (AR) has been linked to the pathogenesis of this degenerative disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the novel AR inhibitor, beta-glucogallin (BGG), can offer protection against various hyperglycemia-induced abnormalities in human adult retinal pigment epithelia (ARPE-19) cells. AR is an enzyme that contributes to cellular stress by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under high glucose conditions. A marked decrease in cell viability (from 100% to 78%) following long-term exposure (4 days) of RPE cells to high glucose (HG) was largely prevented by siRNA-mediated knockdown of AR gene expression (from 79% to 97%) or inhibition using sorbinil (from 66% to 86%). In HG, BGG decreased sorbitol accumulation (44%), ROS production (27%) as well as ER stress (22%). Additionally, we demonstrated that BGG prevented loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) under HG exposure. We also showed that AR inhibitor pretreatment reduced retinal microglia-induced apoptosis in APRE-19 cells. These results suggest that BGG may be useful as a therapeutic agent against retinal degeneration in the diabetic eye by preventing RPE cell death.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldose reductase inhibition alleviates hyperglycemic effects on human retinal pigment epithelial cells

Chang

Snow

LaBarbera

et al. 2015

Chemico-Biological Interactions

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“…Research worldwide has established various biochemical mechanisms that potentially link hyperglycemia and DR. These pathogenic mechanisms include polyol pathway flux, activation of diacylglycerol (DAG)-PKC pathway, increased expression of growth factors, accelerated formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), oxidative stress, hemodynamic or retinal blood flow changes, rennin-angiotensin system activation, and sub-clinical inflammation (Tarr et al, 2011). Recently, AGEs have become more and more focused in this issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated serum levels of AGEs, sRAGE, and pentosidine in Tunisian patients with severity of diabetic retinopathy

Kerkeni

Saidi

Bouzidi³

et al. 2012

Microvascular Research

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“…Patients with type 2 diabetes have an two-fold to four-fold increased morbidity and mortality due to micro-and macrovascular complications. The microvascular complications that are diabetes specific are; retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy (37)(38)(39). The macrovascular complications are myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral arterial disease (40).…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors in type 2 diabetes with emphasis on blood pressure, physical activity and serum vitamin D

Jennersjö

2016

Linköping University Medical Dissertations

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Background Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease with a two-fold increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and has an increasing prevalence worldwide. This thesis is based on a study conducted in primary health care in Östergötland and Jönköping, Sweden. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate new risk markers to identify patients with high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men and women with type 2 diabetes. Methods Data from the cohort study CArdiovascular Risk in type 2 DIabetes – a Prospective study in Primary care (CARDIPP) was used. In paper III data were also used from CARDIPP-Revisited where all participants in the CARDIPP study were invited four years after the baseline investigation for a re-investigation. In paper IV data were used from CAREFUL which is a control group of 185 subjects without diabetes. The investigation included a standard medical history including data on diabetes duration and on-going medication. Anthropometric data were recorded and both office and ambulatory blood pressure were measured. The patients filled out a detailed questionnaire and physical activity was measured by using waist-mounted pedometers. Pedometer-determined physical activity was classified in four groups: Group 1: <5000 steps/day (‘sedentary’); Group 2: 5000-7499 steps/day (‘low active’); Group 3: 7500-9999 steps/day (‘somewhat active’); Group 4: and ≥10 000 steps/day (‘active’). Blood samples were drawn for routine analyses and also frozen for later analyses. The investigations at the departments of physiology included echocardiography, measurements of the carotid intima-media thickness, applanation tonometry and measurements of sagittal abdominal diameter. Results Paper 1: Patients with a non-dipping systolic blood pressure pattern showed higher left ventricular mass index and pulse wave velocity (PWV) compared with patients with ≥10% decline in nocturnal systolic blood pressure. Patients with <10% decline in nocturnal systolic blood pressure had higher BMI and sagittal abdominal diameter, lower GFR and higher albumin:creatinine ratio and also higher levels of NT-proBNP than patients with a dipping pattern of the nocturnal blood pressure. Paper 2: The number of steps/day were inversely significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter, levels of CRP, levels of interleukin-6 and PWV. Paper 3: At the 4-year follow-up the change in PWV (ΔPWV) from baseline was calculated. The group with the lowest steps/day had a significantly higher increase in ΔPWV compared with the group with the highest steps/day. The associations between baseline steps/day and ΔPWV remained after further adjustment in a multivariate linear regression statistically significant (p=0.005). 23% of the variation in the study could be explained by our model. Every 1000 extra steps at baseline reduced the change in ΔPWV by 0.103 m/s between baseline and follow-up. Paper 4: Low vitamin D levels were associated with significantly increased risk for premature mortalit...

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Retinopathy in Diabetes

Cited by 41 publications

References 102 publications

Aldose reductase inhibition alleviates hyperglycemic effects on human retinal pigment epithelial cells

Aldose reductase inhibition alleviates hyperglycemic effects on human retinal pigment epithelial cells

Elevated serum levels of AGEs, sRAGE, and pentosidine in Tunisian patients with severity of diabetic retinopathy

Risk factors in type 2 diabetes with emphasis on blood pressure, physical activity and serum vitamin D

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