Retinol and α‐tocopherol in pregnancy: Establishment of reference intervals and associations with CBC

Liu, Jingrui; Zhan, Si Yan; Jia, Yan; Li, Youran; Liu, Ying; Dong, Ying; Tang, Guodong; Li, Lin; Zhai, Yanhong; Cao, Zheng

doi:10.1111/mcn.12975

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to our findings, multiple large-scale investigations from pregnant women in various cities and provinces in China have found different patterns of changes during pregnancy or different prevalence of deficiency/insufficiency [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. For instance, a recent investigation from Beijing ( n = 31,301 women) did not see a significant difference at 14–27 weeks gestation in the concentrations of plasma retinol in comparison to 1–13 weeks of pregnancy, while the mean plasma retinol concentrations at 28–39 weeks were significantly lower than in the first trimester [ 38 ]. A second analysis involving women across 17 cities and 4 provinces in China reported higher retinol concentrations in the second trimester in comparison to the first and third, although the average gestational age for each trimester was not reported [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Retinoid Concentrations Are Altered in Pregnant Women

et al. 2022

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Vitamin A is vital to maternal–fetal health and pregnancy outcomes. However, little is known about pregnancy associated changes in maternal vitamin A homeostasis and concentrations of circulating retinol metabolites. The goal of this study was to characterize retinoid concentrations in healthy women (n = 23) during two stages of pregnancy (25–28 weeks gestation and 28–32 weeks gestation) as compared to ≥3 months postpartum. It was hypothesized that plasma retinol, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), transthyretin and albumin concentrations would decline during pregnancy and return to baseline by 3 months postpartum. At 25–28 weeks gestation, plasma retinol (−27%), 4-oxo-13-cis-retinoic acid (−34%), and albumin (−22%) concentrations were significantly lower, and all-trans-retinoic acid (+48%) concentrations were significantly higher compared to ≥3 months postpartum in healthy women. In addition, at 28–32 weeks gestation, plasma retinol (−41%), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4; −17%), transthyretin (TTR; −21%), albumin (−26%), 13-cis-retinoic acid (−23%) and 4-oxo-13-cis-retinoic acid (−48%) concentrations were significantly lower, whereas plasma all-trans-retinoic acid concentrations (+30%) were significantly higher than ≥3 months postpartum. Collectively, the data demonstrates that in healthy pregnancies, retinol plasma concentrations are lower, but all-trans-retinoic acid concentrations are higher than postpartum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Retinoid Concentrations Are Altered in Pregnant Women

et al. 2022

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“…Strikingly, high fecal α-tocopherol levels were significantly associated with low vomiting scores suggesting its predictive value. It is interesting to note that vitamin E levels, but not vitamin A levels, continuously rose with an increase in gestational age throughout pregnancy suggesting the essentialness of vitamin E for pregnancy [20]. Whether increased vitamin E as gestation age advances relieves GI dysfunction is an interesting topic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics Improve Gastrointestinal Function and Life Quality in Pregnancy

et al. 2021

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We studied whether probiotics were beneficial for hormonal change-associated dysbiosis, which may influence the enteric nervous system and GI function during early pregnancy. The study was 16 days consisting of two cycles of six daily probiotics mainly Lactobacillus and 2 days without probiotics. Daily surveys were conducted to monitor GI function and life quality. A subset of the participants who contributed fecal specimens was used for microbiota metagenomic sequencing, metabolomics, and quantification of bacterial genes to understand potential underlying mechanisms. Statistical analyses were done by generalized linear mixed-effects models. Thirty-two obstetric patients and 535 daily observations were included. The data revealed that probiotic supplementation significantly reduced the severity of nausea, vomiting, constipation, and improved life quality. Moreover, a low copy number of fecal bsh (bile salt hydrolase), which generates free bile acids, was associated with high vomiting scores and probiotic intake increased fecal bsh. In exploratory analysis without adjusting for multiplicity, a low fecal α-tocopherol, as well as a high abundance of Akkemansia muciniphila, was associated with high vomiting scores and times, respectively. The potential implications of these biomarkers in pregnancy and GI function are discussed. Probiotics likely produce free bile acids to facilitate intestinal mobility and metabolism.

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“…At the same time, the Hoffmann method [ 10 , 12 ] was used to calculate the RIs with the trimester-specific lipid profiling results using the relevant laboratory data of the 16,489 pregnant women. The detailed steps for the estimation of RIs with the Hoffmann method can be found in the protocol published previously [ 12 , 13 ]. Briefly, the data were entered in an MS Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corporation, WA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of trimester-specific reference intervals of serum lipids and the associations with pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes: a population-based prospective study

Zhao

et al. 2021

Annals of Medicine

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Background Disturbances in maternal lipid metabolism may increase the risk of developing pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes. However, there is no consensus as to what constitutes normal serum lipid ranges during pregnancy. Our study was aimed to establish trimester-specific serum lipid reference intervals (RIs) and investigate the associations between maternal dyslipidaemia and adverse outcomes in a population-based study. Methods The first- and third-trimester lipid profiles were derived from 16,489 singlet pregnant women for regular antenatal check-ups between 2017 and 2019. The serum samples were assayed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the institutional clinical laboratory. The trimester-specific lipid RIs were estimated with both of the direct observational and the indirect Hoffmann methods. The associations between maternal lipid profiling and pregnancy complications and perinatal outcomes were assessed statistically. Results Serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were all increased significantly in the third trimester of pregnancy. There was no significant difference between the observed RIs established with healthy pregnant women and the calculated RIs derived from the Hoffmann method. A trend towards increased risks of gestational complications and adverse perinatal outcomes was observed in the subjects with elevated levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C or decreased level of HDL-C. Conclusions In pregnancy, increased serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C, and a decreased level of HDL-C posed higher risks of developing pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes. Key messages It is necessary to establish trimester-specific reference intervals for serum lipids including TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C that were found significantly increased as the gestational age went up. More importantly, around the upper reference limits of TC, TG and LDL-C (or the lower reference limit of HDL-C), the higher the serum lipid levels were (or the lower the HDL-C level was), the higher risks of developing pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes were observed.

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Retinol and α‐tocopherol in pregnancy: Establishment of reference intervals and associations with CBC

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Plasma Retinoid Concentrations Are Altered in Pregnant Women

Plasma Retinoid Concentrations Are Altered in Pregnant Women

Probiotics Improve Gastrointestinal Function and Life Quality in Pregnancy

Establishment of trimester-specific reference intervals of serum lipids and the associations with pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes: a population-based prospective study

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