“…Early experiments on mouse prostate explant cultures showed that all-trans-retinoic acid (trans-RA) could both inhibit and reverse the proliferative effects of chemical carcinogens on prostatic epithelium (Lasnitzki & Goodman 1974, Chopra & Wilkoff 1976. Recent studies have demonstrated that retinoids effectively inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro and suppress the development of prostate carcinogenesis (Blutt et al 1997, DiPaola et al 1997, Campbell et al 1998, Goossens et al 1999, McCormick et al 1999, Pasquali et al 1999, Richter et al 1999, Sun et al 1999b, Urban et al 1999, Webber et al 1999, Kelly et al 2000, Koshiuka et al 2000, Lotan et al 2000, Tanabe 2000, Pili et al 2001. Clinical trials of several retinoids and their combination with other anti-cancer agents have shown significant activities, when retinoids were used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, such as interferon-α and paclitaxel (DiPaola et al 1997, Culine et al 1999, Thaller et al 2000.…”