Retinoblastoma: MR Imaging Parameters in Detection of Tumor Extent

Graaf, Pim de; Barkhof, Frederik; Moll, Annette C.; Imhof, Saskia M.; Knol, Dirk L.; Valk, Paul van der; Castelijns, Jonas A.

doi:10.1148/radiol.2351031301

“…Since the initial descriptions of the MR imaging appearance of various ocular masses, continued technical advances in MR imaging have allowed higher resolution imaging and enhanced characterization of lesions. [1][2][3][4][5] Despite high spatial resolution, MR imaging by using routine sequences is sometimes unable to distinguish different ocular masses and may be limited in its ability to detect ocular masses in the presence of hemorrhagic/exudative retinal detachments, due to suboptimal tissue contrast. Thus, it would be helpful to evaluate additional MR imaging techniques capable of providing different forms of tissue contrast that may aid in the detection and further characterization of ocular masses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of Malignant Ocular Masses: Initial Results and Directions for Further Study

Sepahdari¹,

Kapur²,

Aakalu³

et al. 2011

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ocular masses represent a spectrum of malignant tumors and benign lesions that are sometimes difficult to detect and differentiate by conventional imaging techniques. The aim of this study was to characterize a group of malignant ocular masses with DWI, with the goals of establishing reference data and identifying potential clinical applications for improved noninvasive characterization.

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“…6,8,18 Authors of these studies correlated AES enhancement with clinical and histopathologic findings. De Graaf et al 6 reported the clinical presence of IA, hyperemia, or inflammation as possible explanations for AES enhancement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,8,18 Authors of these studies correlated AES enhancement with clinical and histopathologic findings. De Graaf et al 6 reported the clinical presence of IA, hyperemia, or inflammation as possible explanations for AES enhancement. Galluzzi et al 18 published a series of 16 eyes and found a correlation between histopathologic optic nerve and/or choroid invasion and AES enhancement on MR imaging; however, no correlation between clinical or histopathologic presence of IA and AES enhancement could be detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,8,18 Surprisingly, this phenomenon is barely reported in the literature, and underlying pathophysiology and its histopathologic correlates are still unclarified. We postulated that AES enhancement may reflect the status of retinoblastoma-induced IA in vivo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4] MR imaging provides the opportunity for a noninvasive evaluation of these risk factors with reasonable diagnostic accuracy. [5][6][7][8] Tumor angiogenesis is also a histopathologic risk factor for local tumor invasion and systemic dissemination in retinoblastoma 9,10 ; initial reports on vascular targeting therapy in mouse models of retinoblastoma show promising results. 11 However, evaluation of angiogenic activity has been performed only in vitro on the histopathology of enucleated eyes.…”

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confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Contrast-Enhancement of the Anterior Eye Segment in Patients with Retinoblastoma: Correlation between Clinical, MR Imaging, and Histopathologic Findings

Graaf¹,

Valk²,

Moll³

et al. 2009

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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Dendrimers in Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis

Sampathkumar

¹

,

Yarema

²

2003

Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences

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The sections in this article are Overview Introduction Basic Properties and Applications of Dendrimers Structural Features and Chemical and Biological Properties Basic Features of Dendritic Macromolecules are Inspired by Nature Comparison of the Properties of Dendrimers and Conventional Synthetic Polymers Comparison of the Properties of Dendrimers and Proteins (a Biological Polymer) Dendritic Macromolecules Possess a Wealth of Possible Applications Methods for Dendrimer Synthesis History and Basic Strategies Cascade Reactions are the Foundation of Dendrimer Synthesis Dendrimer Synthesis has Expanded Dramatically in the Past Two Decades Strategies, Cores, and Building Blocks for Dendritic Macromolecules Dendrimers are Constructed from Simple “Building Blocks” The Synthesis of Dendrimers Follows Either a Divergent or Convergent Approach Heterogeneously‐functionalized Dendrimers Basic Description and Synthetic Considerations Glycosylation is an Example of Surface Modification with Multiple Bioactivities Dendrimers in Drug Delivery Dendrimers are Versatile Nano‐devices for the Delivery of Diverse Classes of Drugs Dendritic Drug Delivery: Encapsulation of Guest Molecules Dendrimers have Internal Cavities that can Host Encapsulated Guest Molecules Using Dendrimers for Gene Delivery Release of Encapsulated “Pro‐drugs” Covalent Conjugation Strategies Dendrimers Overcome many Limitations Inherent in Polymeric Conjugation Strategies Dendrimer Conjugates can be Used as Vaccines Release of Covalently‐delivered “Pro‐drugs” Fine‐tuning Dendrimer Properties to Facilitate Delivery and Ensure Bioactivity Delivery Requires Avoiding Non‐specific Uptake “Local” Considerations: Contact with, and Uptake by, the Target Cell Drug Delivery: Ensuring the Biocompatibility of Dendritic Delivery Vehicles Biocompatibility Entails Avoiding “Side Effects” such as Toxicity and Immunogenicity Water Solubility and Immunogenicity Inherent and Induced Toxicity Dendrimers in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Dendrimers have Attractive Properties for Cancer Treatment Dendrimer‐sized Particles Passively Accumulate at the Sites of Tumors Multifunctional Dendrimers can Selectively Target Biomarkers found on Cancer Cells Methods for Targeting Specific Biomarkers of Cancer Targeting by Folate, a Small Molecule Ligand Targeting by Monoclonal Antibodies Dendrimers in Cancer Diagnosis and Imaging Labeled Dendrimers are Important Research Tools for Biodistribution Studies Towards Clinical Use: MRI Imaging Agents Steps Towards the Clinical Realization of Dendrimer‐based Cancer Therapies The Stage is now set for Dendrimer‐based Cancer Therapy Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Innovations Promise to Speed Progress “Mix‐and‐Match” Strategy of Bifunctional Dendritic Clusters Towards Therapeutic Exploitation of Glycosylation Abnormalities found in Cancer Towards Targeting Metabolically‐engineered Carbohydrate Epitopes Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments

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Retinoblastoma: MR Imaging Parameters in Detection of Tumor Extent

Abstract: MR imaging is accurate for tumor staging and detection of metastatic risk factors; detection of intraocular tumor infiltration remains difficult. Tumor volume, measured with MR imaging, was associated with prelaminar optic nerve and choroidal involvement.

Cited by 109 publications

References 31 publications

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of Malignant Ocular Masses: Initial Results and Directions for Further Study

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of Malignant Ocular Masses: Initial Results and Directions for Further Study

Contrast-Enhancement of the Anterior Eye Segment in Patients with Retinoblastoma: Correlation between Clinical, MR Imaging, and Histopathologic Findings

Dendrimers in Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis

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