Retinal vein occlusion and chronic kidney disease: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Objectives: We performed this meta-analysis to assess the correlation of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for population-based studies reporting the CKD as associated factor to RVO, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Then we pooled the data for analysis. Results: After screening potential literature, 12 eligible studies with 23,656,214 individuals were finally included in quantitative synthesis. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of CKD in RVO group was 10.9% (95% CI: 6.6%, 15.1%). The pooled prevalence of any RVO in end stage renal disease (ESRD) group was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.6%, 2.1%). The prevalence of CKD was significantly higher in subjects diagnosed with RVO than non-RVO participants (odds ratio [OR]: 3.30; 95% CI: 2.28, 4.76; p < 0.001). CRVO subjects had a higher prevalence of CKD than BRVO patients (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.28, 4.66; p = 0.004). In a similar manner, compared to non-ESRD subjects, ESRD patients had significantly higher prevalence of RVO (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.97, 2.43; p < 0.001), CRVO (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 2.17, 3.15; p < 0.001) and BRVO (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.76, 2.30; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD increases in RVO patients, especially in CRVO. And in turn, the prevalence of RVO also increases in ESRD patients. The data support a correlation of RVO and CKD.

Risk factors in central retinal vein occlusion: A multi-center case-control study conducted on the Italian population

“…Gender has not been associated with an increased risk in previous studies either. 25 However, a Chinese study found an association between retinal vein occlusion and chronic kidney disease, which was not confirmed in the current study.. 27…”

“…Gender has not been associated with an increased risk in previous studies either. 25 However, a Chinese study found an association between retinal vein occlusion and chronic kidney disease, which was not confirmed in the current study.. 27 Other parameters have been identified as risk factors for retinal vein occlusions. These were not included in the current study but are listed below: systemic lupus erythematosus (adjusted HR = 3.883, 95% CI 2.299 to 6.558), high hematocrit (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.10-1.22), high hematocrit and arterial hypertension (age-and sex-adjusted OR, 36.0; 95% CI, 4.43-292), presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (OR: 3.9, 95% CI 2.3-6.7), MTHFR mutation > or = 1.4 vs < 1.4 mg/dL, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.00-2.59).. 4,12 In addition, some factors have been found to increase the risk selectively in either BRVO or CRVO.…”

Review: The Development of Risk Factors and Cytokines in Retinal Vein Occlusion

“…After adjusting for confounders, the incidence of RVO was statistically significant in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in comparison with controls ( 76 , 99 ). The prevalence of RVO in ESRD is 1.8%, and CRVO has a higher prevalence too ( 58 ). The hypothesized pathogenesis is that the retinal and glomerular filtration barriers have homologous developmental pathways and similar structural characteristics.…”

Chronic kidney disease as a potential risk factor for retinal vascular disease

“…[ 7 ] Several studies have also found associations of CKD with retinal vein occlusion and diabetic retinopathy. [ 8 , 9 ] In addition, retinal microvascular parameters have been shown to be predictive of CKD. [ 10 ] CKD shares common vascular risk factors with retinal vascular diseases (RVD), such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and obesity.…”

“…Previous studies have found evidence for relationships between RVO and end-stage renal disease or early stage CKD. [ 15 – 17 ] However, few studies have examined the association between RVD and CKD through large-scale longitudinal study design. Therefore, we conducted a 13-year nationwide cohort study by analyzing claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database (NHIRD) with International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes to investigate the risk of RVD in patients with CKD and to evaluate the impact of comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia in the Taiwanese population.…”