Retinal Vascular Study Using OCTA in Subjects at High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

López‐Cuenca, Inés; Salobrar‐García, Elena; Sánchez-Puebla, Lídia; Espejel, Eva; Arco, Lucía García del; Rojas, Pilar; Elvira‐Hurtado, Lorena; Fernández‐Albarral, José A.; Ramírez‐Toraño, Federico; Barabash, Ana; Salazar, Juan J.; Ramı́rez, José M.; Hoz, Rosa de; Ramírez, Ana I.

doi:10.3390/jcm11113248

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…In addition to brain changes, given the close relationship of this structure with the retina, retinal changes observed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) have opened up new research paths. Previously, in subjects with significant genetic risk factors for the development of AD (family history and carrier of the ApoE ε4 allele), we demonstrated that thickness changes appear in different retinal layers [7], as well as in the choroidal [14] and retinal vasculature [15]. Furthermore, in these subjects, the sectors of the retina that have volume changes have been correlated with brain areas involved in AD such as the lingual gyrus, the entorhinal cortex, and the hippocampus [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Exploratory Longitudinal Study of Ocular Structural and Visual Functional Changes in Subjects at High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease

López-Cuenca,

Sánchez-Puebla,

Salobrar-García

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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This study aimed to analyze the evolution of visual changes in cognitively healthy individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Participants with a first-degree family history of AD (FH+) and carrying the Ε4+ allele for the ApoE gene (ApoE ε4+) underwent retinal thickness analysis using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual function assessments, including visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), color perception, perception digital tests, and visual field analysis. Structural analysis divided participants into FH+ ApoE ε4+ and FH− ApoE ε4− groups, while functional analysis further categorized them by age (40–60 years and over 60 years). Over the 27-month follow-up, the FH+ ApoE ε4+ group exhibited thickness changes in all inner retinal layers. Comparing this group to the FH− ApoE ε4− group at 27 months revealed progressing changes in the inner nuclear layer. In the FH+ ApoE ε4+ 40–60 years group, no progression of visual function changes was observed, but an increase in VA and CS was maintained at 3 and 12 cycles per degree, respectively, compared to the group without AD risk at 27 months. In conclusion, cognitively healthy individuals at risk for AD demonstrated progressive retinal structural changes over the 27-month follow-up, while functional changes remained stable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Exploratory Longitudinal Study of Ocular Structural and Visual Functional Changes in Subjects at High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease

López-Cuenca,

Sánchez-Puebla,

Salobrar-García

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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“…Past studies have found significant reductions in retinal thickness and retina vascular parameters in ApoE positive patients compared to gene-negative control group. In particular, SRCP vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PFD) were significantly reduced [5,6], as was DRCP VD [5,7]. In addition, people with a FH+ and those who carry the ApoE gene also have significantly reduced RPC VD and capillary flux index compared to healthy controls (HC) [6,7].…”

Section: Family History Of Ad (Fh+) and Apoe Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Revolutionizing Clinical Diagnostics and Treatment in Central Nervous System Disease

Shen,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Aging and disease

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Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), as a new generation of non-invasive and efficient fundus imaging technology, can provide non-invasive assessment of vascular lesions in the retina and choroid. In terms of anatomy and development, the retina is referred to as an extension of the central nervous system (CNS). CNS diseases are closely related to changes in fundus structure and blood vessels, and direct visualization of fundus structure and blood vessels provides an effective "window" for CNS research. This has important practical significance for identifying the characteristic changes of various CNS diseases on OCTA in the future, and plays a key role in promoting early screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of disease progression in CNS diseases. This article reviews relevant fundus studies by comparing and summarizing the unique advantages and existing limitations of OCTA in various CNS disease patients, in order to demonstrate the clinical significance of OCTA in the diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases.

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“…In the study of retinal vascular diseases, many previous studies have shown that changes in the DCP are critical. These changes include ischemia and reperfusion in the DCP area, as well as the formation of new blood vessels, which have a significant impact on the final prognosis of the disease [9]. Due to the non-invasive and high-resolution characteristics of OCTA technology, we are able to visually observe the capillary network in the macular area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmentation of Low-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Images under the Constraints of Vascular Network Topology

Li,

Huang,

Zou

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) offers critical insights into the retinal vascular system, yet its full potential is hindered by challenges in precise image segmentation. Current methodologies struggle with imaging artifacts and clarity issues, particularly under low-light conditions and when using various high-speed CMOS sensors. These challenges are particularly pronounced when diagnosing and classifying diseases such as branch vein occlusion (BVO). To address these issues, we have developed a novel network based on topological structure generation, which transitions from superficial to deep retinal layers to enhance OCTA segmentation accuracy. Our approach not only demonstrates improved performance through qualitative visual comparisons and quantitative metric analyses but also effectively mitigates artifacts caused by low-light OCTA, resulting in reduced noise and enhanced clarity of the images. Furthermore, our system introduces a structured methodology for classifying BVO diseases, bridging a critical gap in this field. The primary aim of these advancements is to elevate the quality of OCTA images and bolster the reliability of their segmentation. Initial evaluations suggest that our method holds promise for establishing robust, fine-grained standards in OCTA vascular segmentation and analysis.

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Retinal Vascular Study Using OCTA in Subjects at High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

Exploratory Longitudinal Study of Ocular Structural and Visual Functional Changes in Subjects at High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease

Exploratory Longitudinal Study of Ocular Structural and Visual Functional Changes in Subjects at High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Revolutionizing Clinical Diagnostics and Treatment in Central Nervous System Disease

Segmentation of Low-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Images under the Constraints of Vascular Network Topology

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