Retinal vascular occlusions occur more frequently in the more affected eye in exfoliation syndrome

Prata, Tiago S.; Rozenbaum, Ilya; Moraes, Carlos Gustavo V. De; Lima, Verônica Castro; Liebmann, Jeffrey M.; Ritch, Robert

doi:10.1038/eye.2009.152

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Regarding demographic and ocular parameters, CRVO was more prevalent in the elderly and middle to late stage glaucoma cases with large cupping. Although we do not have exfoliative glaucoma cases in our study, Prata et al manifested that retinal vascular occlusion in patients with exfoliation syndrome occurs most frequently in the affected or more severely affected eye [12]. This is in agreement with the consensus that large cupping in glaucoma patients is vulnerable to CRVO [3, 12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Although we do not have exfoliative glaucoma cases in our study, Prata et al manifested that retinal vascular occlusion in patients with exfoliation syndrome occurs most frequently in the affected or more severely affected eye [12]. This is in agreement with the consensus that large cupping in glaucoma patients is vulnerable to CRVO [3, 12]. Moreover, the incidence of the ischemic CRVO type in pre-existing glaucoma was similar to that in the non-glaucoma population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion in pre-existing glaucoma

Chen

Lai

et al. 2014

BMC Ophthalmol

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BackgroundTo determine the outcome of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in pre-existing glaucoma and the predisposing factors of developing neovascular glaucoma (NVG).MethodsWe retrospectively assessed a pre-existing glaucoma CRVO group and a non-glaucoma CRVO group to elucidate the demographics, clinical course and ocular parameters of these two cohorts. Among the pre-existing glaucoma cases, the predisposing factors for the development of NVG were monitored, including the retinal capillary non-perfusion status, intraocular pressure (IOP) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation.ResultsOf 642 CRVO patients reviewed in this 10-year cohort study, 60 (9.3%) had pre-existing glaucoma at a mean follow-up of 30.8 months, including 28 (4.4%) primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), 27 (4.2%) primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), and 5 (0.8%) normal tension glaucoma (NTG) cases. Although the presence of glaucoma in the CRVO eyes was not significantly associated with the risk of developing NVG, the incidence of developing NVG in pre-existing glaucoma eyes was significantly higher in the group with IOP greater than 20 mmHg at CRVO presentation (P = 0.02, Chi-square test) as well as in the ischemic CRVO group compared to the non-ischemic patients (P = 0.005, Fisher’s exact test). Overall, 20% of pre-existing glaucoma patients needed glaucoma surgery after a CRVO event, including 11.7% of patients who developed iris neovascularisation (INV) and 8.3% of patients who developed a high IOP without INV.ConclusionsBoth the retinal non-perfusion status and uncontrolled IOP contribute to NVG in patients with pre-existing glaucoma after CRVO. Following CRVO, glaucoma surgery is necessary for pre-existing glaucoma cases with intractable elevated IOP with or without INV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion in pre-existing glaucoma

Chen

Lai

et al. 2014

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…8,9 The discovery that common variants of LOXL1 are present in 99% of XFS cases represents a significant advance in understanding this condition. 10 However, 80% of controls also harbor these variants and the ratio of cases to controls with trait-related variants is fairly similar in regions where XFS is hyper-endemic 11 and regions where the condition is relatively rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Exposure and Residential Geographic History in Relation to Exfoliation Syndrome in the United States and Israel

et al. 2014

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IMPORTANCE Residential (geographic) history and extent of solar exposure may be important risk factors for exfoliation syndrome (XFS) but, to our knowledge, detailed lifetime solar exposure has not been previously evaluated in XFS.OBJECTIVE To assess the relation between residential history, solar exposure, and XFS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis clinic-based case-control study was conducted in the United States and Israel. It involved XFS cases and control individuals (all Ն60-year-old white individuals) enrolled from 2010 to 2012 (United States: 118 cases and 106 control participants; Israel: 67 cases and 72 control participants). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESWeighted lifetime average latitude of residence and average number of hours per week spent outdoors as determined by validated questionnaires. RESULTSIn multivariable analyses, each degree of weighted lifetime average residential latitude away from the equator was associated with 11% increased odds of XFS (pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.17; P < .001). Furthermore, every hour per week spent outdoors during the summer, averaged over a lifetime, was associated with 4% increased odds of XFS (pooled OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07; P = .03). For every 1% of average lifetime summer time between 10 AM and 4 PM that sunglasses were worn, the odds of XFS decreased by 2% (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99; P < .001) in the United States but not in Israel (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.01; P = .92; P for heterogeneity = .005). In the United States, after controlling for important environmental covariates, history of work over water or snow was associated with increased odds of XFS (OR, 3.86; 95% CI,); in Israel, there were too few people with such history for analysis. We did not identify an association between brimmed hat wear and XFS (P > .57). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCELifetime outdoor activities may contribute to XFS. The association with work over snow or water and the lack of association with brimmed hat wear suggests that ocular exposure to light from reflective surfaces may be an important type of exposure in XFS etiology.

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“…Prata et al also found that RVO occurred more frequently in patients with the exfoliation syndrome, the most common identifiable cause of OAG worldwide [75]. The reason why an RVO occurred most often in the affected or more severely affected eye in patients with exfoliation syndrome could possibly be attributed to a combination of factors.…”

Section: Retinal Vein Occlusion As Risk Factor For Open Angle Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 96%

Diabetes Mellitus and Retinal Vein Occlusion as Risk Factors for Open Angle Glaucoma and Neuroprotective Therapies for Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuropathy

Bikbova¹,

Oshitari²,

Yamamoto³

2011

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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of glaucoma (NTG), and the prevalence of NTG is 3.6% in patients >40-years-of-age in Japan [10]. The average intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with POAG is 15.4 ± 2.8 mmHg, which is significantly higher than that of normal subjects (14.5 ± 2.5 mmHg) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] even though the average difference in the IOP is only 0.9 mmHg. Thus, a reduction of the IOP the standard therapy for glaucoma may not be sufficient for the complete management of the patients with glaucoma in Japan. Other therapeutic modalities, such as neuroprotection, should be considered for a complete therapeutic regimen for glaucoma patients.RGC death and axonal degeneration are most likely involved in the progression of DR, RVO, and glaucoma. Many neuroprotective therapies that prevent RGC death and axonal degeneration have been and are being investigated, and some of these neuroprotective factors may be used clinically in the near future. To establish neuroprotective therapies for DR, RVO and glaucoma, a determination of the exact mechanism that leads to a progression of RGC neuropathy to death and axonal degeneration is required [11]. However, the pathogenesis of the onset and progression of RGC neuropathy has still not been definitively determined. Identification of the risk factors for the onset and the progression of disease would help in determining the Abstract Glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) are major diseases that can lead to blindness and affect mainly the elderly population worldwide. The results of recent investigations have demonstrated that the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons is the common pathological change in these three disease processes. The exact mechanism that is responsible for the onset and progression of RGC death and axonal degeneration in patients with glaucoma, DR and RVO has not been definitively determined. Thus, identifying the risk factors for the onset and the progression of RGC neuropathy can help in deciding not only the specific treatments but also whether the treatments should be initiated, withheld, or augmented in individuals with glaucoma, DR, and RVO. This review describes the major risk factors for the onset of glaucoma, and the factors associated with the progression of glaucoma that have been obtained from large population-based prevalence and incidence studies. In addition, the potential risk factors for glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, and RVO are discussed in terms of the results obtained by both clinical and laboratory studies. This review introduces potential neuroprotective therapies for damaged RGC in eyes with RGC neuropathy, and the factors that should be considered for a complete therapy for the RGC neuropathy involved in glaucoma, DR and RVO. Neuroprotective therapies combined with a reduction of the IOP should be considered for the complete management of RGC neuropathy involved in glaucoma,

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Retinal vascular occlusions occur more frequently in the more affected eye in exfoliation syndrome

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion in pre-existing glaucoma

Neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion in pre-existing glaucoma

Solar Exposure and Residential Geographic History in Relation to Exfoliation Syndrome in the United States and Israel

Diabetes Mellitus and Retinal Vein Occlusion as Risk Factors for Open Angle Glaucoma and Neuroprotective Therapies for Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuropathy

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