Retinal topography of ganglion cells in immature ocean sunfish, Mola mola

Kino, Masakatsu; Miayzaki, Taeko; Iwami, Tetsuo; Kohbara, Jun

doi:10.1007/s10641-009-9453-z

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Such eye movements, especially in the ventral plane, were documented in live specimens by Kino et al (2009). Visual acuity, calculated from peak ganglion cell densities, was between 3.51 and 4.33 cycles per degree, comparable to adult sharks (2.8-3.7 cycles per degree; Kino et al 2009) but much lower than adult blue marlin, Makaira nigricans (8.5 cycles per degree; Fritsches et al 2003). It should be noted, however, that these were very small ocean sunfish and visual acuity typically increases as fish grow (Fritsches et al 2003).…”

Section: Visionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A recent study by Kino et al (2009) investigated the eyes of three immature M. mola from Japanese waters. They found a region of high retinal ganglion cell density that implied a main visual axis directed towards the lower frontal portion of the visual field (10-20°below horizontal; Kino et al 2009).…”

Section: Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found a region of high retinal ganglion cell density that implied a main visual axis directed towards the lower frontal portion of the visual field (10-20°below horizontal; Kino et al 2009). Highdensity areas are indicative of a well-developed visual system and also require the ability to move the eye to direct this region of more acute vision to objects of interest (Fritsches et al 2003).…”

Section: Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highdensity areas are indicative of a well-developed visual system and also require the ability to move the eye to direct this region of more acute vision to objects of interest (Fritsches et al 2003). Such eye movements, especially in the ventral plane, were documented in live specimens by Kino et al (2009). Visual acuity, calculated from peak ganglion cell densities, was between 3.51 and 4.33 cycles per degree, comparable to adult sharks (2.8-3.7 cycles per degree; Kino et al 2009) but much lower than adult blue marlin, Makaira nigricans (8.5 cycles per degree; Fritsches et al 2003).…”

Section: Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The biology and ecology of the ocean sunfish Mola mola: a review of current knowledge and future research perspectives

Pope

Hays

Thys³

et al. 2010

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

110

117

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Relatively little is known about the biology and ecology of the world's largest (heaviest) bony fish, the ocean sunfish Mola mola, despite its worldwide occurrence in temperate and tropical seas. Studies are now emerging that require many common perceptions about sunfish behaviour and ecology to be re-examined. Indeed, the long-held view that ocean sunfish are an inactive, passively drifting species seems to be entirely misplaced. Technological advances in marine telemetry are revealing distinct behavioural patterns and protracted seasonal movements. Extensive forays by ocean sunfish into the deep ocean have been documented and N. Queiroz broad-scale surveys, together with molecular and laboratory based techniques, are addressing the connectivity and trophic role of these animals. These emerging molecular and movement studies suggest that local distinct populations may be prone to depletion through bycatch in commercial fisheries. Rising interest in ocean sunfish, highlighted by the increase in recent publications, warrants a thorough review of the biology and ecology of this species. Here we review the taxonomy, morphology, geography, diet, locomotion, vision, movements, foraging ecology, reproduction and species interactions of M. mola. We present a summary of current conservation issues and suggest methods for addressing fundamental gaps in our knowledge.

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Section: Visionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The biology and ecology of the ocean sunfish Mola mola: a review of current knowledge and future research perspectives

Pope

Hays

Thys³

et al. 2010

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

110

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Species found inhabiting open water can have much larger differences in acuity (for example, Lethrinus chrysostomus and Gymnocranuis bitorquatus: 19 and 27 cycles deg −1 , respectively) (Collin and Pettigrew, 1989). The visual acuity of fish has been measured using a range of behavioural (Brunner, 1934;Yamanouchi, 1956;Nakamura, 1968;Hodos and Yolen, 1976;Hairston et al, 1982;Neave, 1984;Pankhurst et al, 1993;Neumeyer, 2003b;Haug et al, 2010;Lee and O'Brian, 2011;Champ, 2012) and anatomical methods (Hodos and Yolen, 1976;Collin and Pettigrew, 1989;Fritsches et al, 2003;Matsuda et al, 2005Matsuda et al, , 2008Theiss et al, 2007;Litherland and Collin, 2008;Kino et al, 2009;Carton and Vaughan, 2010;Temple et al, 2010;Lee and O'Brian, 2011;Champ, 2012). However, because of the many differences in methodology, comparisons between studies are difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of functional and anatomical estimations of visual acuity in two species of coral reef fish

Parker

Fritsches

Newport

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The high-contrast, complex patterns typical of many reef fish serve several purposes, including providing disruptive camouflage and a basis for vision-based communication. In trying to understand the role of a specific pattern, it is important to first assess the extent to which an observer can resolve the pattern, itself determined, at least in part, by the observer's visual acuity. Here, we studied the visual acuity of two species of reef fish -Pomacentrus amboinensis and Pseudochromis fuscus -using both anatomical and behavioural estimates. The two species share a common habitat but are members of different trophic levels ( predator versus herbivore/omnivore) and perform different visual tasks. On the basis of the anatomical study, we estimated visual acuity to lie between 4.1 and 4.6 cycles deg −1 for P. amboinensis and 3.2 and 3.6 cycles deg −1 for P. fuscus. Behavioural acuity estimates were considerably lower, ranging between 1.29 and 1.36 cycles deg −1 for P. amboinensis and 1.61 and 1.71 cycles deg −1 for P. fuscus. Our results show that two species from the same habitat have only moderately divergent visual capabilities, despite differences in their general life histories. The difference between anatomical and behavioural estimates is an important finding as the majority of our current knowledge on the resolution capabilities of reef fish comes from anatomical measurements. Our findings suggest that anatomical estimates may represent the highest potential acuity of fish but are not indicative of actual performance, and that there is unlikely to be a simple scaling factor to link the two measures across all fish species.

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Morphological characteristics of eyes and retinas of two sardines (Sardinops melanostictus and Etrumeus sadina, Clupeidae) and an anchovy (Engraulis japonicus, Engraulididae)

Miyazaki

Kobayashi

2014

Journal of Morphology

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The morphology of the eyes and distribution of retinal ganglion cells in two sardine species (Sardinops melanostictus and Etrumeus sadina, Clupeidae) and the Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus, Engraulididae) were investigated anatomically and histologically. The eyes of the sardines faced a slightly dorsolateral direction with the visual field extended obliquely upward. In contrast, the eyes in the anchovy were almost laterally directed. It was hypothesized that the sardines may have an advantage in receiving more downward irradiance compared with the anchovy. The lens muscle was larger in these three species than in many other teleosts, and its surface was entirely melanin-pigmented. Also, the lens muscle directly and tightly adhered to the backside surface of the iris. The relative area of the lens muscle to the area of the lens, a referential value of the relative power of visual accommodation were notably larger in the species studied than in other teleost values that have been previously reported. A higher M/L% value of these clupeid fishes could facilitate fast and wide ranging visual accommodation and was considered to be associated with maintaining and/or re-establishing school formations quickly. Analysis of topographical distributions of cells in the ganglion cell layer showed that cell density was highest in the ventrotemporal quadrant of the retina (temporal of the optic cleft) in all three species. Another potentially important role for the black-pigmented lens muscle may be to block the specialized retinal area from intense sunlight that scatters and irradiates upward or laterally in the surface waters that they inhabit. Thus, the sardine and anchovy may take advantage of efficient detection of visual signals in the frontal-upward direction and further improve visibility of the target in this direction.

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Retinal topography of ganglion cells in immature ocean sunfish, Mola mola

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

The biology and ecology of the ocean sunfish Mola mola: a review of current knowledge and future research perspectives

The biology and ecology of the ocean sunfish Mola mola: a review of current knowledge and future research perspectives

Comparison of functional and anatomical estimations of visual acuity in two species of coral reef fish

Morphological characteristics of eyes and retinas of two sardines (Sardinops melanostictus and Etrumeus sadina, Clupeidae) and an anchovy (Engraulis japonicus, Engraulididae)

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