Retinal Oximetry Using Intravitreal Illumination

Salyer, David; Beaudry, Neil A.; Basavanthappa, S.; Twietmeyer, Karen; Eskandari, Mohammad Mehdi; Denninghoff, Kurt R.; Chipman, Russell A.; Park, Robert I.

doi:10.1080/02713680600760493

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…1,4,26,39 Using this relationship, the maximum error in λ min from our human vein data of ± 0.8 nm corresponds to ± 2.3% oxyhemoglobin saturation. The uncertainty of the measurements made using the ROx-3 is in the range we measured elsewhere and what we need for testing the potential use of a retinal oximeter clinically.…”

Section: Oxygen Saturation Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our prior work showed that background, light path length, blood hemoglobin concentration, and other variations in measurements were independent of wavelength in the spectral range used for BGO when the glint was removed using invasive offaxis illumination. 1,26 Similarly, the optical light filtration used in the ROx-3 appears to overcome these challenges.…”

Section: On-axis Blue-green Oximetry and Removal Of The Retinal Vessementioning

confidence: 99%

“…If multiple monochromatic beams are sent into the eye, then the relative spectrum of this backscattered return signal is highly dependent on the oxygen saturation of the hemoglobin in the red blood cells. 25,26 This signal may be many orders of magnitude dimmer than the specular reflection, making it difficult to efficiently collect the light containing oximetric information while rejecting the glint.…”

Section: Specular Vessel Glintmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a small spot of laser light is directed onto a blood vessel in the eye, there are many possible paths it can traverse. [26][27][28][29][30] Two paths of particular interest for this discussion are: (i) light specularly reflected from the blood vessel (also known as a glint) and (ii) laterally scattered light that has interacted with the red blood cell-packaged hemoglobin in the vessel and scattered back out of the eye. Figure 1(a) shows an example of the specular vessel glint path and Fig.…”

Section: Specular Vessel Glintmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the method has previously only been demonstrated using intravitrial illumination, which used off-axis invasive illumination techniques. 1,4,26 Here we describe the design and initial testing of a prototype oximeter, the noninvasive on-axis scanning retinal oximeter (ROx-3), which combines the BGO technique with an optical system designed to reject the vessel glint while utilizing on-axis, noninvasive illumination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal oximeter for the blue-green oximetry technique

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Retinal oximetry offers potential for noninvasive assessment of central venous oxyhemoglobin saturation (SO 2 ) via the retinal vessels but requires a calibrated accuracy of ± 3% saturation in order to be clinically useful. Prior oximeter designs have been hampered by poor saturation calibration accuracy. We demonstrate that the bluegreen oximetry (BGO) technique can provide accuracy within ± 3% in swine when multiply scattered light from blood within a retinal vessel is isolated. A noninvasive on-axis scanning retinal oximeter (ROx-3) is constructed that generates a multiwavelength image in the range required for BGO. A field stop in the detection pathway is used in conjunction with an anticonfocal bisecting wire to remove specular vessel reflections and isolate multiply backscattered light from the blood column within a retinal vessel. This design is tested on an enucleated swine eye vessel and a retinal vein in a human volunteer with retinal SO 2 measurements of ∼1 and ∼65%, respectively. These saturations, calculated using the calibration line from earlier work, are internally consistent with a standard error of the mean of ± 2% SO 2 . The absolute measures are well within the expected saturation range for the site (-1 and 63%). This is the first demonstration of noninvasive on-axis BGO retinal oximetry. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

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Section: Oxygen Saturation Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: On-axis Blue-green Oximetry and Removal Of The Retinal Vessementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Specular Vessel Glintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Specular Vessel Glintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal oximeter for the blue-green oximetry technique

et al. 2011

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Spectroscopic oximetry in the eye: a review

Mackenzie

Harvey

McNaught

2017

Expert Review of Ophthalmology

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Introduction: Non-invasive measurement of blood oxygen saturation via spectroscopic imaging has facilitated insights into the development and progression of a variety of ocular conditions, including retinal vascular occlusion, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Major developments since the late 90s have been enabled by advancements in imaging technology, computational image analysis, and experimental methods. Areas covered: We review the theory of spectroscopic oximetry, the ocular blood vessels targeted for oximetry, imaging systems used for oximetry, and oximetry validation methods. Important physiological and clinical insights provided by oximetry in the eye are detailed. Expert commentary: Oximetry has revealed physiological norms and auto-regulatory effects in the retina, choroid, episcleral, and bulbar conjunctival blood vessels. Retinal oximetry has provided crucial insight into the development of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, and has enhanced the evaluation and treatment of retinal vessel occlusion. Commercially available retinal oximetry systems have enabled oximetry in the clinic. The development more sophisticated phantoms that resemble in vivo environments has oximetry validation in diverse oximetry applications. New insights into ocular physiology and disease are likely to be gleaned from future studies.

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Oximetry using multispectral imaging: theory and application

Mackenzie¹,

Harvey²

2018

J. Opt.

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Retinal Oximetry Using Intravitreal Illumination

Abstract: Retinal oximetry using intravitreal illumination has been demonstrated. As a research tool, intravitreal illumination addresses several difficulties encountered when performing retinal oximetry with transcorneal illumination.

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Retinal oximeter for the blue-green oximetry technique

Retinal oximeter for the blue-green oximetry technique

Spectroscopic oximetry in the eye: a review

Oximetry using multispectral imaging: theory and application

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