Retinal, ophthalmic, or ocular migraine

Abstract

Ocular migraine, an uncommon cause of transient monocular visual loss, is an entity physicians should be able to recognize in order to provide appropriate treatment and to avoid unnecessary testing. The following text provides an overview of ocular migraine, including discussion of accepted terminology, clinical presentation, and pathophysiology. An ocular and systemic differential diagnosis, appropriate evaluation, therapy, and prognosis are also discussed.

Migraine with Aura or Sports-Related Concussion: Case Report, Pathophysiology, and Multidisciplinary Approach to Management

“…The most common form of migraine that presents with visual disturbance is migraine with aura, which must meet specific diagnostic criteria. Other described forms of migraine that present with transient visual disturbance include retinal migraine and migraine with brainstem aura (21,22,55). Patients with visual auras that persist for more than 1 h and are associated with neuroimaging evidence of stroke are classified as migrainous infarction (26).…”

“…By contrast, retinal migraine is rare. It is typically monocular and manifests as negative, not positive visual phenomena, including complete and incomplete visual loss or scotomata, altitudinal visual field defects, and blurred vision (22,23,55). Many patients including children have difficulty discriminating between visual auras that affect one or both eyes.…”

“…Neuroophthalmological examination is frequently normal in patients with migraine with visual aura. In selected patients with retinal migraine examined during an attack, loss of visual acuity is accompanied by focal or segmental constriction of retinal arterioles and retina vein collapse, as well as an ipsilateral relative afferent pupillary defect (22,23,55). Physical examination findings in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy can reveal abnormalities in visual acuity, visual fields and color vision, ipsilateral relative afferent pupillary defect, as well as disc edema on fundoscopy in the affected eye (18,62).…”

Spectrum of migraine variants and beyond: The individual syndromes in children

“…Other visual manifestations include a transient monocular scotoma, hemianopia, pupillary constriction, and perceived flashes of light [99].…”

Retinal migraine

“…Retinal migraine is a rare retinal disorder. The symptoms are usually transient, but the pathophysiological mechanisms still remain not completely elucidated [ 1 , 2 ].…”