Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in Dementia Associated with Parkinson's Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Alzheimer's Disease

Moreno‐Ramos, Teresa; Benito‐León, Julián; Villarejo, Alberto; Bermejo‐Pareja, Félix

doi:10.3233/jad-121975

Cited by 153 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The disadvantage of OCT is that it cannot be used to distinguish between the different types of dementia because of low sensitivity. MorenoRamos have characterized retinal changes across different types of dementia including dementia with AD, dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's-associated dementia (Moreno Romos et al 2013). No statistically significant differences in RFNL thickness between different types of dementia have been observed.…”

Section: Results Of Review Of Systematic Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether the retina can be used to make a specific diagnosis of (Harazny et al 2011) and adaptive optic retinal imaging (Moreno Romos et al 2013), provide a detailed analysis of the retina including the retinal oxygen concentration, blood flow, foveal capillary network and choroidal vasculature enabling retinal vasculature screening to be used as a method for population screening of AD (Moreno Romos et al 2013). The retinal amyloid test is a potential screening test that can complement the currently used tests and could potentially be delivered as part of regular eye checks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can the retina be used to diagnose and plot the progression of Alzheimer's disease?

Mahajan

Votruba

2017

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of senile dementia. It impairs the quality of life of a person and their family, posing a serious economic and social threat in developed countries. The fact that the diagnosis can only be definitively made post‐mortem, or when the disease is fairly advanced, presents a serious problem if novel therapeutic interventions are to be devised and used early in the course of the disease. There is therefore a pressing need for more sensitive and specific diagnostic tests with which we can detect AD in the preclinical stage. The tau proteins and beta‐amyloid proteins start to accumulate 20 years before the symptoms begin to manifest. Detecting them in the preclinical stage would be a potential breakthrough in the management of AD. A high degree of clinical suspicion is needed to correlate problems in cognition with the changes in the eye, particularly the retina, pupil and ocular movements, so that the disease can be detected early and managed in the prodromal phase. In this systematic review, we ask the question whether the retina can be used to make a specific and early diagnosis of AD.

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Section: Results Of Review Of Systematic Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the retina be used to diagnose and plot the progression of Alzheimer's disease?

Mahajan

Votruba

2017

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…Whether or not a correlation exists between retinal changes and severity of dementia also remains a controversial issue. While most OCT studies did not show correlation between Minimal Mental State Examination (MMSE) and peripapillary RNFL thinning (Table 2), one TD-OCT study reported correlation between MMSE scores and macular volume [44], and more recent studies using SD-OCT have indeed reported a significant correlation between MMSE scores and RNFL thickness [50,66,72,76,77]. Studies comparing changes in RNFLT in MCI and AD (Table 2) have also yielded conflicting results, although the majority reported no statistically significant differences between MCI and AD patient groups [46,47,54,77].…”

Section: Pathological Changes In the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s disease: A review of its visual system neuropathology. Optical coherence tomography—a potential role as a study tool in vivo

Cunha

Moura-Coelho

Proença

et al. 2016

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent, long-term progressive degenerative disorder with great social impact. It is currently thought that, in addition to neurodegeneration, vascular changes also play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Visual symptoms are frequent and are an early clinical manifestation; a number of psychophysiologic changes occur in visual function, including visual field defects, abnormal contrast sensitivity, abnormalities in color vision, depth perception deficits, and motion detection abnormalities. These visual changes were initially believed to be solely due to neurodegeneration in the posterior visual pathway. However, evidence from pathology studies in both animal models of AD and humans has demonstrated that neurodegeneration also takes place in the anterior visual pathway, with involvement of the retinal ganglion cells' (RGCs) dendrites, somata, and axons in the optic nerve. These studies additionally showed that patients with AD have changes in retinal and choroidal microvasculature. Pathology findings have been corroborated in in-vivo assessment of the retina and optic nerve head (ONH), as well as the retinal and choroidal vasculature. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in particular has shown great utility in the assessment of these changes, and it may become a useful tool for early detection and monitoring disease progression in AD. The authors make a review of the current understanding of retinal and choroidal pathological changes in patients with AD, with particular focus on invivo evidence of retinal and choroidal neurodegenerative and microvascular changes using OCT technology.

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“…184 Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) abnormalities in AD and controls have been studied using optical coherence tomography (OCT), a simple, high resolution method of quantifying the thickness of the RNFL. 185 This technique was originally used to study glaucoma and non-glaucomatous neuropathies. 186 A number of studies of RNFL using OCT have been carried out in AD.…”

Section: Posterior Segment Of the Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Oculo‐visual changes and clinical considerations affecting older patients with dementia

Armstrong

Kergoat

2015

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose Dementia is associated with various alterations of the eye and visual function. Over 60% of cases are attributable to Alzheimer's disease, a significant proportion of the remainder to vascular dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies, while frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson's disease dementia are less common. This review describes the oculo‐visual problems of these five dementias and the pathological changes which may explain these symptoms. It further discusses clinical considerations to help the clinician care for older patients affected by dementia. Recent findings Visual problems in dementia include loss of visual acuity, defects in colour vision and visual masking tests, changes in pupillary response to mydriatics, defects in fixation and smooth and saccadic eye movements, changes in contrast sensitivity function and visual evoked potentials, and disturbance of complex visual functions such as in reading ability, visuospatial function, and the naming and identification of objects. Pathological changes have also been reported affecting the crystalline lens, retina, optic nerve, and visual cortex. Clinically, issues such as cataract surgery, correcting the refractive error, quality of life, falls, visual impairment and eye care for dementia have been addressed. Summary Many visual changes occur across dementias, are controversial, often based on limited patient numbers, and no single feature can be regarded as diagnostic of any specific dementia. Nevertheless, visual hallucinations may be more characteristic of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia than Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia. Differences in saccadic eye movement dysfunction may also help to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia and Parkinson's disease dementia from dementia with Lewy bodies. Eye care professionals need to keep informed of the growing literature in vision/dementia, be attentive to signs and symptoms suggestive of cognitive impairment, and be able to adapt their practice and clinical interventions to best serve patients with dementia.

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Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in Dementia Associated with Parkinson's Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 153 publications

References 34 publications

Can the retina be used to diagnose and plot the progression of Alzheimer's disease?

Can the retina be used to diagnose and plot the progression of Alzheimer's disease?

Alzheimer’s disease: A review of its visual system neuropathology. Optical coherence tomography—a potential role as a study tool in vivo

Oculo‐visual changes and clinical considerations affecting older patients with dementia

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