Retinal morphology of cyprinid fishes: A quantitative histological study of ontogenetic changes and interspecific variation

Zaunreiter, Monika; Junger, Heidi; Kotrschal, Kurt

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(91)90091-i

Cited by 63 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Variations in histological visual acuities in fish reflect their various feeding strategies (Tamura, 1957;Williamson & Keast, 1988;Collin & Pettigrew, 1989;Pankhurst, 1989;Zaunreiter & Goldschmid, 1989;Zaunreiter et al, 1991). The calculated histological visual acuity of Z. ophiocephalus is better than that calculated for nocturnal, herbivorous species or species that graze encrusting organisms, but worse than the one calculated for fast swimming piscivorous species.…”

Section: Visual Acuitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision in the grass goby,Zosterisessor ophiocephalus(Teleostei, Gobiidae): A morphological and behavioural study

Ota¹,

Francese²,

Ferrero³

1999

Italian Journal of Zoology

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The visual abilities of Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, an ambushing predator inhabiting the intertidal seagrass meadows of lagoons, were studied by morphological and behavioural methods. In its retina, a high number of rods, double and single cones packed in a square mosaic were found, together with the retinomotor response involving the pigment granules and both kinds of photoreceptors. The retinal topography was made by analysing the cone density and density of cells in the ganglion cell layer, and it revealed the area centralis in the dorso-temporal region of the retina. ) on its visual abilities for prey detection was found by comparing the detection and capture efficiencies and the detection and capture distance. A preference for larger food targets was observed. Two capture strategies are described: fast direct and slower hopping capture, the latter exhibited with higher frequency under dim light. Histological visual acuity was 7' and behavioural visual acuity was 15'. The morphological and behavioural studies showed that Z. ophiocephalus can use vision for feeding in bright and dim light conditions, but it probably feeds more at dusk to avoid predators.KEY WORDS: Retina -Retinal topography -Light intensity and behaviour -Visual acuity -Lagoon. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Section: Visual Acuitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision in the grass goby,Zosterisessor ophiocephalus(Teleostei, Gobiidae): A morphological and behavioural study

Ota¹,

Francese²,

Ferrero³

1999

Italian Journal of Zoology

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“…Behavioural experiments using New Zealand fish have shown that photopic acuity of early larval stages of snapper is poor (Pankhurst 1994). This is, in part, a function of the constraints imposed by the small eye size of fish larvae (Kotrschal et al 1990;Zaunreiter et al 1991;Pankhurst et al 1993;Pankhurst 1994). The relative proportions of the lens and retina of snapper larvae suggest that young fish are myopic.…”

Section: New Zealand Snapper Pagrus Auratusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in visual morphology through life history stages of the New Zealand snapper,Pagrus auratus

Pankhurst

Eagar

1996

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Plastic resin histology and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the development of the retina in snapper Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) larvae before, and at the onset of feeding. Light microscopy was used to examine changes in ocular morphology with increasing body size, in larval, juvenile, and adult P. auratus. There was a 96-fold increase in eye size, from 0.23 mm diameter in a 4-day-old larva (3.42 mm standard length), to a maximum of 22 mm diameter in an adult of 333 mm fork length. Cells of the presumptive optic cup were undifferentiated in fish larvae at the time of hatching. Development of the eye proceeded rapidly so that at 3 days of age, a pigmented cone retina had formed and the optic nerve connected to the optic tectum. On the fourth day after hatching, the lens had become crystalline, and synaptic ribbons and vesicles were present in the cone cell synaptic junctions, indicating that the retina was now functional. This coincided with the onset of feeding behaviour in the fish larvae. Putative rod precursor cells were present in fish at 18 days of age. Juvenile and adult fish had duplex retinae with cones arranged in a regular mosaic in which four equal Received 13 February 1995; accepted 8 December 1995 double cones surrounded a central single cone. Cone ellipsoid diameter increased during eye enlargement to maintain a closely packed array in fish of all sizes. Angular density of cones continued to increase with increasing eye size such that theoretical spatial acuity increased from 2°1( Minimum Separable Angle, MSA) in a 4-day-old fish, to asymptotic values of between 3´ and 4( MSA) in adult fish. M95008

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“…Such environmental feedback on brain development in teleost fishes is likely to influence individual behavior and habitat preferences into adult life (Zaunreiter et al, 1991;Kotrschal and Palzenberger, 1992). Salmon are an ideal model system for studying environmentally induced changes because, in addition to brain size, many phenotypic traits vary among individuals reared in wild and captive environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early rearing environment impacts cerebellar growth in juvenile salmon

Kihslinger

Nevitt

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

173

157

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SUMMARY The size and structure of an animal's brain is typically assumed to result from either natural or artificial selection pressures over generations. However, because a fish's brain grows continuously throughout life, it may be particularly responsive to the environmental conditions the fish experiences during development. Salmon are an ideal model system for studying these effects because natural habitats differ significantly from the hatchery environments in which these fish are frequently reared. For example, in the wild, salmon alevins (i.e. yolk-sac fry) are buried in the gravel, while hatchery environments lack this structural component. We show that the simple manipulation of adding stones to a standard rearing tank can dramatically alter the growth of specific brain structures in steelhead salmon alevins(Oncorhynchus mykiss). We found that alevins reared with stones grew brains with significantly larger cerebella than genetically similar fish reared in conventional tanks. This shift to a larger cerebellar size was, in turn, accompanied by changes in locomotory behaviors - behaviors that correlate strongly to the function of this brain region. We next show that hatchery fish reared in a more naturalistic setting in the wild had significantly larger brains than their lab-reared counterparts. However,relative cerebellar volumes were similar between wild-reared alevins and those reared in the complex treatment in the laboratory. Together our results indicate that, within the first three weeks of life, variation in rearing environment can result in brain differences that are commonly attributed to generations of selection. These results highlight the need to consider enrichment strategies when designing captive rearing facilities for both conservation and laboratory use.

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Retinal morphology of cyprinid fishes: A quantitative histological study of ontogenetic changes and interspecific variation

Cited by 63 publications

References 36 publications

Vision in the grass goby,Zosterisessor ophiocephalus(Teleostei, Gobiidae): A morphological and behavioural study

Vision in the grass goby,Zosterisessor ophiocephalus(Teleostei, Gobiidae): A morphological and behavioural study

Changes in visual morphology through life history stages of the New Zealand snapper,Pagrus auratus

Early rearing environment impacts cerebellar growth in juvenile salmon

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