Retinal locus and the letter-span error function

White, Murray J.

doi:10.3758/bf03210184

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Most previous studies show Uor W-shaped accuracy-by-position functions (e.g., Crovitz & Schiffman, 1965;Miller, 1972;Smith & Ramunas, 1971;Winnick & Bruder, 1968;however, cf. Hershenson, 1969, andWhite, 1970). The upturned ends of the previous curves seem to indicate the presence of rehearsal and reporting artifacts (analogous to primacy-recency effects) or of lateral "unmasking" (Bouma, 1970(Bouma, , 1973.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Individual differences in adult foveal visual asymmetries.

Schaller¹,

Dziadosz²

1975

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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The existence and nature of asymmetries in the recognition of elements of a visually presented array have been topics of dispute. In the present study, 32 adults responded to a single vertical or horizontal bar embedded in one circle of a 5 times 7 array of circles by touching a plate corresponding to the orientation of the bar. Two thirds of the subjects were left superior, while one third were right superior. Performance was in general top superior and decreased with increasing distance from the center. Possible explanations for these asymmetries are examined in terms of sequential processing, acuity dominance, hemispheric specialization, and selective attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Individual differences in adult foveal visual asymmetries.

Schaller¹,

Dziadosz²

1975

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…In particular, an interaction (statistical) should be found between absolute position (retinal location) and the relative position of the letter within the string (end vs. middle letter position). In some studies, middle letters are more affected by retinal location than end letters (Estes & Wolford, 1971;White, 1970;Wolford & Hollingsworth, 1974c), whereas in the study of Estes et aI. (1976), in which the letter strings were presented unilaterally, the largest retinal location effect was found for the letter at the foveal end of the letter string.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Extracting identity and location information from briefly presented letter arrays

Krumhansl

Thomas

1976

Perception & Psychophysics

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The effect on identification and location of briefly presented targets (letters and blanks) of number of targets, retinal location, and direction and distance of simultaneously presented targets is investigated. In three different conditions, one, two, or three targets are presented on a trial with the location of targets varying from trial to trial. A model is proposed to describe identification and location performance in the one-letter condition. This model distinguishes between two sets of parameters, perceptual parameters and decision parameters, and assumes that in terms of these parameters, identification and location are independent processes. The perceptual and decision parameters of the model, estimated by assuming that these parameters are linearly related to retinal location, indicate that retinal location has a different effect on the decision parameters for both identification and location than on the perceptual parameters. Variables affecting the performance decrements found when multiple letters are presented are evaluated in terms of models stated for the multiple letter conditions. Estimates of the effects of distance from the fixation point and interletter distance indicate that, as both of these variables increase, performance decreases. In the three-letter condition, a serial position effect is found, with performance on center letters being relatively poor. A peripherally presented letter is found to have a large detrimental effect on performance, and the effect increases as interletter distance increases. Location of correctly identified targets follows many of the same patterns as identification performance in the multiple letter conditions. In addition, there is a tendency for incorrectly located targets to be moved foveally and to move to positions occupied by other targets on the trial. The possibility of a limited-capacity attention mechanism operating in the present experiment is discussed.

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“…Other experimenters have suggested that retinal location may not be very important by itself, but that it can become important in interaction with string position. Both Estes and Wolford (1971) and White (1970) reported that only items in the middle string positions are affected by retinal locus.…”

Section: The Empirical Basementioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation model for letter identification.

Wolford¹

1975

Psychological Review

240

262

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A model is presented which provides a reasonably good quantitative account of the data from a scries of tachistoscopic report experiments in which retinal locus, spacing, and array position were systematically varied. Potential extensions of the model to other paradigms are also suggested. The main assumptions of the model are that features are extracted from visual displays in unlimited parallel channels as a function of retinal locus; that a processor, working serially, attempts to identify letters from the extracted features; and that during processing, perturbations occur in the spatial ordering of the features.

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Retinal locus and the letter-span error function

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Individual differences in adult foveal visual asymmetries.

Individual differences in adult foveal visual asymmetries.

Extracting identity and location information from briefly presented letter arrays

Perturbation model for letter identification.

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